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Price Leadership in UK Food Retailing: Time Series Representation and Evidence

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  • Lloyd, Tim A.

Abstract

This paper analyses the price of a common basket of products sold in each of the UK’s four largest retail chains to assess propositions regarding price leadership. Data used in this investigation represent weighted average prices of a large group of branded and non-branded products purchased nationally at weekly intervals over a three and half year period and cover purchases in 37 product categories. The data are analysed using vector autoregressive methods, a convenient framework for a statistical investigation of this sort, owing to the time series properties that the price data exhibit. The paper introduces the concepts of strategic and tactical price leadership. Since these correspond to parameter restrictions in the vector autoregression, the statistical tests have a economically meaningful interpretation. While the empirical findings are preliminary, they indicate that Tesco, the largest of the retail chains, acts as price leader in both the strategic and tactical senses.

Suggested Citation

  • Lloyd, Tim A., 2008. "Price Leadership in UK Food Retailing: Time Series Representation and Evidence," 82nd Annual Conference, March 31 - April 2, 2008, Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, UK 36862, Agricultural Economics Society.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:aes008:36862
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.36862
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cheung, Yin-Wong & Lai, Kon S, 1993. "Finite-Sample Sizes of Johansen's Likelihood Ration Tests for Conintegration," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 55(3), pages 313-328, August.
    2. David F. Hendry & Katarina Juselius, 2001. "Explaining Cointegration Analysis: Part II," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 1), pages 75-120.
    3. Juselius, Katarina, 2006. "The Cointegrated VAR Model: Methodology and Applications," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199285679.
    4. Rotemberg, Julio J & Saloner, Garth, 1990. "Collusive Price Leadership," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(1), pages 93-111, September.
    5. Logan, John W. & Lutter, Randall W., 1989. "Guaranteed lowest prices: do they facilitate collusion?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 189-192, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sang-Hyun Kim & Hao Lan & Paul W Dobson, 2021. "Identifying price-leadership structures in oligopoly," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 73(1), pages 350-370.
    2. Kai Yin Woo & Shu Kam Lee, 2018. "Price convergence in the UK supermarket chains: Evidence from nonlinear cointegration approach," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 7(3), pages 115-125.
    3. Hao Lan & Paul W. Dobson, 2017. "Healthy Competition to Support Healthy Eating? An Investigation of Fruit and Vegetable Pricing in UK Supermarkets," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 68(3), pages 881-900, September.

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