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Marketed Outputs and Non-Marketed Outputs: The Marginal Costs of Producing Ecosystem Services

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  • Wossink, Ada
  • Sauer, Johannes

Abstract

We provide a new approach for assessing the cost of marginal ecosystem changes and the effectiveness of green payment schemes. The approach is based on a theoretical and empirical analysis of the bio-economic production interactions between marketed outputs and non-marketed ecosystem services at the micro level. To frame the economic nature of the problem, we employ a generalized joint production model in combination with cost minimization. The generalized joint production framework allows for the consideration of complementary, supplementary and competitive relationships between agricultural production and non-marketed ecosystem services generation and avoids double counting. From this theoretical model we distinguish three theoretical cases depending on the imposed minimum acceptable level of the non-marketed ecosystem services. We employ farm level panel data for the UK to empirically investigate these cases. More specifically, to represent and evaluate the production structure, we estimate first- and second-order elasticities derived from a flexible transformation function. Results show that the majority of farms produce agricultural output and ecosystem services in a complementary relationship. Generation of multiple ecosystem services on the same farm showed either a supplementary or competitive relationship. Changing the composition of the ecosystem services output would have very different implications for individual farms.

Suggested Citation

  • Wossink, Ada & Sauer, Johannes, 2010. "Marketed Outputs and Non-Marketed Outputs: The Marginal Costs of Producing Ecosystem Services," 2010 Annual Meeting, July 25-27, 2010, Denver, Colorado 60804, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:aaea10:60804
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.60804
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    1. Dobbs, Thomas L. & Pretty, Jules, 2008. "Case study of agri-environmental payments: The United Kingdom," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(4), pages 765-775, May.
    2. de Koeijer, T. J. & Wossink, G. A. A. & van Ittersum, M. K. & Struik, P. C. & Renkema, J. A., 1999. "A conceptual model for analysing input-output coefficients in arable farming systems: from diagnosis towards design," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 61(1), pages 33-44, July.
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