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Financial deepening, economic growth and development: Evidence from selected sub-Saharan African countries

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Author Info
John E. Udo Ndebbio
Abstract

Lack of or stagnant growth of output of any country is often caused by "shallow - finance". A shallow financial depth (FD) means that the range of financial assets for that country is narrow. It is a scenario that goes far in explaining why most SSA countries have low or negative per capita growth rates. This study identifies the range of financial assets that can adequately approximate financial deepening, which simply means an increase in the supply of financial assets in the economy. FD is represented by two variables, the degree of financial intermediation/development (M2/Y) and the growth rate in per capita real money balances (GPRMB). Because of lack of data on other measures of financial assets in most SSA countries, broad money (M2) was used as numerator for both variables. Estimations depending on the two measures of FD and other explanatory variables of interest were done with an ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression procedure. Three modelled equations, with justifications for each, were estimated and analysed. A cross-country regression was used for 34 SSA countries. To even out year-to-year fluctuations as well as reflect underlying structural changes, the variables were calculated on a decade average basis. Two policy implications derive from the study: that SSA countries should strive hard to make real money balances grow, and that these countries should also come up with policies to improve financial development/intermediation. Given such factors as price stabilization, elimination of fiscal deficit and removal of various restrictions on financial institutions, real money balances could be made to grow. Financial intermediation/ development could positively affect output growth if, among other suggested ways, the volume of investment is raised.

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Paper provided by African Economic Research Consortium in its series Research Papers with number RP_142.

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Length: 52 pages
Date of creation: Aug 2004
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Handle: RePEc:aer:rpaper:rp_142

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  1. Sinai, Allen & Stokes, Houston H, 1972. "Real Money Balances: An Omitted Variable from the Production Functions?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 54(3), pages 290-96, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. King, Robert G. & Levine, Ross, 1993. "Finance, entrepreneurship and growth: Theory and evidence," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 513-542, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Montiel, P.J., 1995. "Financial Policies and Economic Growth: Theory, Evidence and Country-Specific Experience from Sub-Saharan Africa," Papers 18s, African Economic Research Consortium.
  4. De Gregorio, Jose & Guidotti, Pablo E., 1995. "Financial development and economic growth," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 433-448, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Easterly, William & Rebelo, Sergio, 1993. "Fiscal policy and economic growth: An empirical investigation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 417-458, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Fry, Maxwell J, 1978. "Money and Capital or Financial Deepening in Economic Development?," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 10(4), pages 464-75, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Bencivenga, Valerie R & Smith, Bruce D, 1991. "Financial Intermediation and Endogenous Growth," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 58(2), pages 195-209, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Wallich, Henry C, 1969. "Money and Growth: A Country Cross-Section Analysis," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 1(2), pages 281-302, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Levine, Ross & Zervos, Sara, 1996. "Stock market development and long-run growth," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1582, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
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  10. Robert J. Barro & Jong-Wha Lee, 1993. "Losers and Winners in Economic Growth," NBER Working Papers 4341, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Meltzer, Allan H, 1969. "Money, Intermediation, and Growth," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 7(1), pages 27-56, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. O. Janet Adelegan, 2008. "Can Regional Cross-listings Accelerate Stock Market Development? Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," IMF Working Papers 08/281, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  2. John Serieux, 2008. "Financial Liberalization and Domestic Resource Mobilization in Africa: an Assessment," Working Papers 45, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth. [Downloadable!]
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