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Nonparametric Density Estimation for Stratified Samples

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  • Robert Breunig

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the non-parametric, kernel estimate of the density, f(x), for data drawn from stratified samples. Much of the data used by social scientists is gathered in some type of complex survey violating the usual assumptions of independently and identically distributed data. Such effects induced by the survey structure are rarely considered in the literature on non-parametric density estimation, yet they may have serious consequences for our analysis, as shown in this paper. A weighted estimator is developed which provides asymptotically unbiased density estimation for stratified samples. A data-based method for choosing the optimal bandwidth is suggested, using information on withinstratum variances and means. The weighted estimator and proposed bandwidth are shown to give smaller mean squared error for stratified samples than an un-weighted estimator and a commonly used method of choosing the bandwidth. Surprisingly, the single bandwidth outperforms optimally choosing stratum-specific bandwidths in some cases. Several illustrations from simulation are provided. We also show that the optimal sampling scheme in this case is always stratified sampling proportional to size, irrespective of the stratum-specific densities

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Breunig, 2001. "Nonparametric Density Estimation for Stratified Samples," ANU Working Papers in Economics and Econometrics 2005-459, Australian National University, College of Business and Economics, School of Economics, revised Nov 2005.
    • Handle: RePEc:acb:cbeeco:2005-459
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    File URL: https://www.cbe.anu.edu.au/researchpapers/econ/wp459.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pagan,Adrian & Ullah,Aman, 1999. "Nonparametric Econometrics," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521355643.
    2. Robert Breunig, 2001. "Density Estimation For Clustered Data," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(3), pages 353-367.
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel J. Henderson & Christopher F. Parmeter & R. Robert Russell, 2008. "Modes, weighted modes, and calibrated modes: evidence of clustering using modality tests," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(5), pages 607-638.
    2. Sayed A. Mostafa & Ibrahim A. Ahmad, 2019. "Kernel density estimation from complex surveys in the presence of complete auxiliary information," Metrika: International Journal for Theoretical and Applied Statistics, Springer, vol. 82(3), pages 295-338, April.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • C42 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Survey Methods

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