Creativity spillover of entrepreneurship: evidence from European cities

This study provides compelling evidence on the role of creativity and human in economic development in European cities. The size of the impact depends on the propensity of creative capital to spill over, a living and business environment conducive to creativity and exchange of ideas, agglomeration economies, cultural diversity and entrepreneurship. Utilizing an Urban Audit dataset on 187 cities in 15 European countries during 1999–2009, our study develops the basis of the creative spillover of entrepreneurship theory and introduces the concept of the ‘creativity filter’. It confirms that the availability of creative capital does not per se result in economic development, but entrepreneurship facilitates the spillover and commercialization of those ideas.