Publications

by members of

International Economics Section
Department of Economics
Princeton University
Princeton, New Jersey (United States)

Working papers

2009

1. Marc-Andreas Muendler & Sascha O. Becker, 2009. "Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution," NBER Working Papers 14776, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

2008

1. Aguayo-Tellez, Ernesto & Muendler, Marc-Andreas & Poole, Jennifer Pamela, 2008. "Globalization and Formal Sector Migration in Brazil," Working Papers RP2008/22, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER). [Downloadable!]
2. Gene M. Grossman & Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, 2008. "External Economies and International Trade Redux," NBER Working Papers 14425, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Gene M. Grossman & Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, 2008. "Task Trade between Similar Countries," NBER Working Papers 14554, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

2007

1. Becker, Sascha O. & Muendler, Marc-Andreas, 2007. "The effect of FDI on job separation," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2007,01, Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
2. Naércio Aquino Menezes Filho & Marc Andreas Muendler, 2007. "Labor Reallocation in Response to Trade Reform," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]
3. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2007. "Trade and Workforce Changeover in Brazil," NBER Working Papers 12980, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2007. "Labor Reallocation in Response to Trade Reform," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2007-02, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
5. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2007. "Trade and Workforce Changeover in Brazil," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2007-01, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
6. Pavasuthipaisit, Robert, 2007. "Optimal exchange rate policy in a low interest rate environment," MPRA Paper 3596, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
7. Pavasuthipaisit, Robert, 2007. "Monetary policy responses amid credit and asset booms and busts," MPRA Paper 4491, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]

2006

1. Naércio Aquino Menezes Filho & Marc Andreas Mündler & Garey Ramey, 2006. "The Structure of Worker Compensation in Brazil, with a Comparison to France and the United States," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]
2. Marc-Andreas Muendler & Sascha O. Becker, 2006. "Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution," IZA Discussion Papers 2131, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
3. Marc Andreas Mündler & Sascha O. Becker, 2006. "Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]
4. Sascha O. Becker & Marc Andreas Muendler, 2006. "The Effect of FDI on Job Separation," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]
5. Marc Muendler & Sascha Becker, 2006. "The Effect of FDI on Job Separation," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2006-11, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
6. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2006. "Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2006-04, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
7. Marc-Andreas Muendler & Sascha Becker, 2006. "Margins of Multinational Labor Substitution," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2006-04R, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
8. Naerico Filho & Marc-Andreas Muendler & Garey Ramey, 2006. "The Structure of Worker Compensation in Brazil, With a Comparison to France and the United States," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2005-01R2, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
9. Becker, Sascha O. & Mündler, Marc-Andreas, 2006. "Margins of multinational labor substitution," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2006,24, Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
10. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 2006. "Separation of Powers and the Budget Process," NBER Working Papers 12332, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
11. Gene M. Grossman & Edwin C.-L. Lai, 2006. "Parallel Imports and Price Controls," NBER Working Papers 12423, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
12. Gene M. Grossman & Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, 2006. "Trading Tasks: A Simple Theory of Offshoring," NBER Working Papers 12721, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
13. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 2006. "Separation of Powers and the Budget Process," CEPR Discussion Papers 5745, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
14. Grossman, Gene & Lai, Edwin, 2006. "Parallel Imports and Price Controls," CEPR Discussion Papers 5779, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

2005

1. Sascha Becker & Karolina Ekholm & Robert Jaeckle & Marc Andreas Muendler, 2005. "Location Choice and Employment Decisions: A Comparison of German and Swedish Multinationals," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]
2. Marc Andreas Mündler, 2005. "Rational Information Choice in Financial Market Equilibrium," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]
3. Becker, Sascha O. & Ekholm, Karolina & Jäckle, Robert & Muendler, Marc-Andreas, 2005. "Location Choice and Employment Decisions: A Comparison of German and Swedish Multinationals," CEPR Discussion Papers 4887, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2005. "The Action Value of Information and the Natural Transparency Limit¤," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2005-09, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
5. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2005. "Rational Information Choice in Financial Market Equilibrium," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2005-04, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
6. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2005. "Rational Transparency Choice in Financial Market Equilibrium¤," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2005-04R, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
7. Naercio Filhoz & Marc-Andreas Muendler & Garey Ramey, 2005. "The Structure of Worker Compensation in Brazil, With a Comparison to France and the United States¤," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2005-01R, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
8. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2005. "Risk Neutral Investors Do Not Acquire Information¤," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2005-10, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
9. Becker, Sascha O. & Ekholm, Karolina & Jäckle, Robert & Mündler, Marc-Andreas, 2005. "Location choice and employment decisions : a comparison of German and Swedish multinationals," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2005,08, Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
10. Sascha O. Becker & Karolina Ekholm & Robert Jäckle & Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2005. "Location Choice and Employment Decisions: A Comparison of German and Swedish Multinationals," Ifo Working Paper Series Ifo Working Paper No. 4, Ifo Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich. [Downloadable!]
11. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 2005. "Party Discipline and Pork Barrel Politics," NBER Working Papers 11396, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
12. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 2005. "A Protectionist Bias in Majoritarian Politics," CEPR Discussion Papers 5238, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
13. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 2005. "Party Discipline and Pork-Barrel Politics," CEPR Discussion Papers 5233, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
14. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 2005. "Party Discipline and Pork-Barrel Politics," Papers 08-10-2005, Princeton University, Research Program in Political Economy. [Downloadable!]

2004

1. Muendler, Marc Andreas, 2004. "Estimating Production Functions When Productivity Change is Endogenous," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]
2. Muendler, Marc Andreas, 2004. "Trade, Technology, and Productivity: A Study of Brazilian Manufacturers, 1986-1998," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]
3. Marc Andreas Muendler, 2004. "The Existence of Informationally Efficient Markets When Individuals Are Rational," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]
4. Sasha Becker & Karolina Ekholm & Robert Jackle & Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2004. "Location Choices and Employment Decisions: A Comparison of German and Swedish Multinationals," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2004-17, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
5. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2004. "Estimating Production Functions When Productivity Change Is Endogenous," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2004-05, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
6. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2004. "Trade, Technology, and Productivity: A Study of Brazilian Manufacturers, 1986-1998," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2004-06, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
7. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2004. "The Existence of Informationally Efficient Markets When Individuals Are Rational," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2004-09, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
8. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 2004. "A Protectionist Bias in Majoritarian Politics," NBER Working Papers 11014, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
9. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan & Szeidl, Adam, 2004. "Optimal Integration: Strategies for the Multinational Firm," CEPR Discussion Papers 4477, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
10. Grossman, Gene M. & Helpman, Elhanan, 2004. "A Protectionist Bias in Majoritarian Politics," Papers 12-21-2004, Princeton University, Research Program in Political Economy. [Downloadable!]

2003

1. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 2003. "Managerial Incentives and the International Organization of Production," CEPR Discussion Papers 3737, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman & Adam Szeidl, 2003. "Optimal Integration Strategies for the Multinational Firm," NBER Working Papers 10189, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

2002

1. Grossman, Gene & Lai, Edwin, 2002. "International Protection of Intellectual Property," CEPR Discussion Papers 3118, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 2002. "Outsourcing in a Global Economy," CEPR Discussion Papers 3165, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 2002. "Outsourcing Versus FDI in Industry Equilibrium," CEPR Discussion Papers 3647, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 2002. "Outsourcing in a Global Economy," Papers 218, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
5. Gene Grossman & Edwin L.-C. Lai, 2002. "International Protection of Intellectual Property," NBER Working Papers 8704, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
6. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 2002. "Outsourcing in a Global Economy," NBER Working Papers 8728, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
7. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 2002. "Outsourcing versus FDI in Industry Equilibrium," NBER Working Papers 9300, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
8. Elhanan Helpman & Gene M. Grossman, 2002. "Managerial Incentives and the International Organization of Production," NBER Working Papers 9403, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
9. Gene Grossman, 2002. "The Distribution of Talent and the Pattern and Consequences of International Trade," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]
10. Grossman, Gene M. & Lai, Edwin L.-C., 2002. "International Protection of Intellectual Property," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]

2001

1. Grossman, G.M. & Lai, E., 2001. "International Protection of intellectual Property," Papers 215, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
2. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 2001. "Integration vs. Outsourcing in Industry Equilibrium," Papers 2001-7, Tel Aviv.
3. Gene Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 2001. "Integration vs. Outsourcing in Industry Equilibrium," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo GmbH. [Downloadable!]

1999

1. Grossman, Gene, 1999. "Imperfect Labour Contracts and International Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers 2240, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 1999. "Incomplete Contracts and Industrial Organization," CEPR Discussion Papers 2280, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1999. "Incomplete Contracts and Industrial Organization," Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers 1876, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research.
4. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1999. "Incomplete Contracts and Industrial Organization," Papers 25-99, Tel Aviv.
5. Gene M. Grossman, 1999. "Imperfect Labor Contracts and International Trade," NBER Working Papers 6901, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
6. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1999. "Incomplete Contracts and Industrial Organization," NBER Working Papers 7303, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1998

1. Grossman, Gene & Maggi, Giovanni, 1998. "Free Trade Vs. Strategic Trade: A Peek into Pandora's Box," CEPR Discussion Papers 1784, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Dixit, Avinash K & Grossman, Gene & Gul, Faruk, 1998. "A Theory of Political Compromise," CEPR Discussion Papers 1935, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene & Maggi, Giovanni, 1998. "Diversity and Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers 2005, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Grossman, G.M., 1998. "Imperfect Labour Contracts and International Trade," Papers 205, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
5. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1998. "Competing for Endorsements," Papers 09-98, Tel Aviv.
6. Gene M. Grossman & Giovanni Maggi, 1998. "Diversity and Trade," NBER Working Papers 6741, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1997

1. Maggi, G. & Grossman, G., 1997. "Free Trade vs Strategic Trade: A Peek into Pandora's Box," Papers 190, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
2. Gene M. Grossman & Giovanni Maggi, 1997. "Free Trade vs. Strategic Trade: A Peek into Pandora's Box," NBER Working Papers 6211, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1996

1. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 1996. "Intergenerational Redistribution with Short-lived Governments," CEPR Discussion Papers 1396, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Dixit, Avinash K & Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 1996. "Common Agency and Coordination: General Theory and Application to Tax Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers 1436, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 1996. "Competing for Endorsements," CEPR Discussion Papers 1546, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1996. "Competing for Endorsements," Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers 1784, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research.
5. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1996. "Intergenerational Redistribution with Short-Lived Governments," Papers 178, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
6. Grossman, G-M & Helpman, E, 1996. "Electoral Competition with Policy Compromise," Papers 181, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
7. Grossman, G-M & Helpman, E, 1996. "Competing for Endorsements," Papers 182, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
8. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1996. "Electoral Competition with Policy Compromise," Papers 10-96, Tel Aviv.
9. Dexit, A. & Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1996. "Common Agency and Coordination: General Theory and Application to Tax Policy," Papers 11-96, Tel Aviv.
10. Grossman,G.M. & Helpman,E., 1996. "Intergenerational Redistribution with Short-Lived Governements," Papers 2-96, Tel Aviv.
11. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1996. "Intergenerational Redistribution with Short-Lived Governments," NBER Working Papers 5447, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
12. Grossman, Gene M. & Helpman, Elhanan, 1996. "Electoral Competition with Policy Compromise," Economics Series 31, Institute for Advanced Studies. [Downloadable!]

1995

1. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 1995. "Technology and Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers 1134, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman,G.M. & Helpman,E., 1995. "Rent Dissipation, Free Riding, and Trade Policy," Papers 31-95, Tel Aviv.
3. Grossman,G.M. & Helpman,E., 1995. "Technological Determinants of Trade," Papers 44-95, Tel Aviv.

1994

1. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 1994. "The Politics of Free Trade Agreements," CEPR Discussion Papers 908, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1994. "Technology and Trade," Papers 175, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
3. Gene M. Grossman & Alan B. Krueger, 1994. "Economic Growth and the Environment," NBER Working Papers 4634, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Gene Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1994. "Foreign Investment with Endogenous Protection," NBER Working Papers 4876, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
5. Gene Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1994. "Electoral Competition and Special Interest Politics," NBER Working Papers 4877, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
6. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1994. "Technology and Trade," NBER Working Papers 4926, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1993

1. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 1993. "Trade Wars and Trade Talks," CEPR Discussion Papers 806, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 1993. "Protection for Sale," CEPR Discussion Papers 827, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene, 1993. "Pollution and Growth: What Do We Know?," CEPR Discussion Papers 848, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1993. "Endogenous, Innovation in the Theory of Growth," Papers 165, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
5. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1993. "The Politics of Free Trade Agreements," Papers 166, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
6. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1993. "Trade Wars and Trade Talks," Papers 1-93, Tel Aviv.
7. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1993. "The Politics of Free Trade Agreements," Papers 14-93, Tel Aviv.
8. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1993. "Trade Wars and Trade Talks," NBER Working Papers 4280, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
9. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1993. "Endogenous Innovation in the Theory of Growth," NBER Working Papers 4527, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
10. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1993. "The Politics of Free Trade Agreements," NBER Working Papers 4597, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1992

1. Grossman, Gene & Krueger, Alan B, 1992. "Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement," CEPR Discussion Papers 644, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, G.M. & Yanagawa, N., 1992. "Asset Bubbles and Endogenous Growth," Papers 160, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
3. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1992. "Protection for Sale," Papers 162, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
4. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1992. "Trade Wars and Trade Talks," Papers 163, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
5. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1992. "Protection for Sale," Papers 21-92, Tel Aviv.
6. Noriyuki Yanagawa & Gene M. Grossman, 1992. "Asset Bubbles and Endogenous Growth," NBER Working Papers 4004, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
7. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1992. "Protection For Sale," NBER Working Papers 4149, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1991

1. Grossman, G.M & Krueger, A.B., 1991. "Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement," Papers 158, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
2. Gene M. Grossman & Alan B. Krueger, 1991. "Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement," NBER Working Papers 3914, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Judith C. Chin & Gene M. Grossman, 1991. "Intellectual Property Rights and North-South Trade," NBER Working Papers 2769, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1991. "Comparative Advantage and Long-Run Growth," NBER Working Papers 2809, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
5. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1991. "Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth," NBER Working Papers 3099, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
6. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1991. "Trade, Knowledge Spillovers, and Growth," NBER Working Papers 3485, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1990

1. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1990. "Hysteresis In The Trade Pattern," Papers 157, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
2. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1990. "Hystersis In The Trade Pattern," Papers 36-90, Tel Aviv.
3. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1990. "Hysteresis in the Trade Pattern," NBER Working Papers 3526, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Gene M. Grossman & James A. Levinsohn, 1990. "Import Competition and the Stock Market Return to Capital," NBER Working Papers 2420, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
5. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1990. "Product Development and International Trade," NBER Working Papers 2540, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1989

1. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1989. "Endogenous Prduct Cycles," Papers 144, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
2. Grossman, G.N., 1989. "Promoting New Industrial Activities: A Survey Of Recent Arguments And Evidence," Papers 147, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
3. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1989. "Quality Ledders In The Theory Of Growth," Papers 148, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
4. Grossman, G.M., 1989. "Explaining Japan'S Innovation And Trade: A Model Of Quality Competition And Dynamic Comparative Advantage," Papers 151, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
5. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1989. "Quality Ladders And Product Cycles," Papers 152, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
6. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1989. "Trade; Innovation; And Growth," Papers 154, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
7. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1989. "Endogemour Product Cycles," Papers 10-89, Tel Aviv.
8. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1989. "Growth And Welfare In A Small Open Economy," Papers 15-89, Tel Aviv.
9. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1989. "Quality Ladders And Product Cycles," Papers 39-89, Tel Aviv.
10. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1989. "Endogenous Product Cycles," NBER Working Papers 2913, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
11. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1989. "Growth and Welfare in A Small Open Economy," NBER Working Papers 2970, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
12. Gene M. Grossman, 1989. "Explaining Japan's Innovation and Trade: A model of Quality Competition and Dynamic Comparive Advantage," NBER Working Papers 3194, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
13. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1989. "Quality Ladders and Product Cycles," NBER Working Papers 3201, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
14. Gene M. Grossman & Henrik Horn, 1989. "Infant-Industry Protection Reconsidered: The Case of Informational Barriers to Entry," NBER Working Papers 2159, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1988

1. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1988. "Product Development And International Trade," Papers 132, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
2. Chin, J.C. & Grossman, G.M., 1988. "Intellectual Property Rigths And North-South Trade," Papers 143, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
3. Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1988. "Comparative Advantage And Long-Run Growth," Papers 39-88, Tel Aviv.
4. Gene M. Grossman, 1988. "The Employment and Wage Effects of Import Competition in the United States," NBER Working Papers 1041, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
5. Gene M. Grossman & Carl Shapiro, 1988. "Optimal Dynamic R&D Programs," NBER Working Papers 1658, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
6. Gene M. Grossman & Carl Shapiro, 1988. "Dynamic R&D Competition," NBER Working Papers 1674, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
7. Gene M. Grossman & Carl Shapiro, 1988. "Counterfeit-Product Trade," NBER Working Papers 1876, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
8. Gene M. Grossman & Carl Shapiro, 1988. "Foreign Counterfeiting of Status Goods," NBER Working Papers 1915, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1987

1. Avinash K. Dixit & Gene M. Grossman, 1987. "Targeted Export Promotion with Several Oligopolistic Industries," NBER Working Papers 1344, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1986

1. Grossman, Gene, 1986. "Counterfeit Product Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers 103, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Jonathan Eaton & Gene M. Grossman, 1986. "Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy Under Oligopoly," NBER Working Papers 1236, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Gene M. Grossman, 1986. "Imports as a Cause of Injury: The Case of the U.S. Steel Industry," NBER Working Papers 1494, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1985

1. Jonathan Eaton & Gene M. Grossman, 1985. "Tariffs as Insurance: Optimal Commercial Policy When Domestic Markets Are Incomplete," NBER Working Papers 0797, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Gene M. Grossman, 1985. "International Competition and the Unionized Sector," NBER Working Papers 0899, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1984

1. Gene M. Grossman & Assaf Razin, 1984. "International Capital Movements Under Uncertainty," NBER Working Papers 1075, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Gene M. Grossman, 1984. "International Trade, Foreign Investment, and the Formation of the Entrepreneurial Class," NBER Working Papers 1174, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1982

1. Avinash K. Dixit & Gene M. Grossman, 1982. "Trade and Protection with Multistage Production," NBER Working Papers 0794, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

Journal articles

2008

1. Naércio Aquino Menezes-Filho & Marc-Andreas Muendler & Garey Ramey, 2008. "The Structure of Worker Compensation in Brazil, with a Comparison to France and the United States," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 90(2), pages 324-346, 04. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Sascha Becker & Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2008. "The Effect of FDI on Job Security," Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy, Berkeley Electronic Press, vol. 8(1), pages 1770-1770. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Muendler, Marc-Andreas, 2008. "Risk-neutral investors do not acquire information," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 156-161, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Grossman, Gene M. & Helpman, Elhanan, 2008. "Separation of powers and the budget process," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(3-4), pages 407-425, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
5. Grossman, Gene M. & Wauters, Jasper, 2008. "United States???Sunset Reviews of Anti-Dumping Measures on Oil Country Tubular Goods from Argentina: a cloudy sunset," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(01), pages 235-263, January. [Downloadable!]

2007

1. Muendler, Marc-Andreas, 2007. "The possibility of informationally efficient markets," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 133(1), pages 467-483, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M. & Sykes, Alan O., 2007. "WTO Case Law: The American Law Institute Reporter's Studies United States - Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Certain Steel Products," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 6(01), pages 89-122, March. [Downloadable!]

2006

1. Grossman, Gene M. & Helpman, Elhanan & Szeidl, Adam, 2006. "Optimal integration strategies for the multinational firm," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 216-238, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M. & Sykes, Alan O., 2006. "European Communities Anti-Dumping Duties on Imports of Cotton-Type Bed Linen from India: Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by India," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 5(01), pages 133-148, March. [Downloadable!]

2005

1. Sascha O. Becker & Karolina Ekholm & Robert Jäckle & Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2005. "Location Choice and Employment Decisions: A Comparison of German and Swedish Multinationals," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer, vol. 141(4), pages 693-731, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Avinash Dixit & Gene Grossman, 2005. "The Limits of Free Trade: Comment," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 19(3), pages 241-242, Summer. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene M. & Sykes, Alan O., 2005. "A preference for development: the law and economics of GSP," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 4(01), pages 41-67, March. [Downloadable!]

2004

1. Grossman, Gene M. & Helpman, Elhanan, 2004. "Managerial incentives and the international organization of production," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(2), pages 237-262, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

2002

1. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 2002. "Integration Versus Outsourcing In Industry Equilibrium," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 117(1), pages 85-120, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

2000

1. Gene M. Grossman & Giovanni Maggi, 2000. "Diversity and Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(5), pages 1255-1275, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Avinash Dixit & Gene M. Grossman & Faruk Gul, 2000. "The Dynamics of Political Compromise," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 108(3), pages 531-568, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1999

1. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1999. "Competing for Endorsements," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(3), pages 501-524, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1998

1. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1998. "Intergenerational Redistribution with Short-Lived Governments," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 108(450), pages 1299-1329, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1997

1. Dixit, Avinash & Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1997. "Common Agency and Coordination: General Theory and Application to Government Policy Making," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 105(4), pages 752-69, August.

1996

1. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1996. "Electoral Competition and Special Interest Politics," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 63(2), pages 265-86, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M. & Helpman, Elhanan, 1996. "Rent dissipation, free riding, and trade policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 40(3-5), pages 795-803, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1995

1. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1995. "The Politics of Free-Trade Agreements," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 85(4), pages 667-90, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M & Krueger, Alan B, 1995. "Economic Growth and the Environment," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 110(2), pages 353-77, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1995. "Trade Wars and Trade Talks," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 103(4), pages 675-708, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1994

1. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1994. "Protection for Sale," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(4), pages 833-50, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1994. "Endogenous Innovation in the Theory of Growth," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 8(1), pages 23-44, Winter. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1993

1. Grossman, Gene M. & Yanagawa, Noriyuki, 1993. "Asset bubbles and endogenous growth," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 3-19, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1991

1. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1991. "Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 58(1), pages 43-61, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1991. "Endogenous Product Cycles," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 101(408), pages 1214-29, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1991. "Quality Ladders and Product Cycles," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 106(2), pages 557-86, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Grossman, Gene M. & Helpman, Elhanan, 1991. "Trade, knowledge spillovers, and growth," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(2-3), pages 517-526, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1990

1. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1990. "Trade, Innovation, and Growth," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(2), pages 86-91, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1990. "Comparative Advantage and Long-run Growth," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(4), pages 796-815, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene M., 1990. "The economics of 1992: The E.C. commission's assessment of the economic effects of completing the internal market : Michael Emerson, Michel Aujean, Michel Catinat, Philippe Goybet and Alexis Jacquemin," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(3-4), pages 385-388, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1989

1. Grossman, Gene M & Levinsohn, James A, 1989. "Import Competition and the Stock Market Return to Capital," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(5), pages 1065-87, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1989. "Product Development and International Trade," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(6), pages 1261-83, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1988

1. Grossman, Gene M & Shapiro, Carl, 1988. "Counterfeit-Product Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 78(1), pages 59-75, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M & Shapiro, Carl, 1988. "Foreign Counterfeiting of Status Goods," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 103(1), pages 79-100, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Eaton, Jonathan & Grossman, Gene M, 1988. "Trade and Industrial Policy under Oligopoly: Reply," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 103(3), pages 603-07, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Grossman, Gene M & Horn, Henrik, 1988. "Infant-Industry Protection Reconsidered: The Case of Informational Barriers to Entry," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 103(4), pages 767-87, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1987

1. Grossman, Gene M & Shapiro, Carl, 1987. "Dynamic R&D Competition," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 97(386), pages 372-87, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1986

1. Grossman, Gene M & Shapiro, Carl, 1986. "Research Joint Ventures: An Antitrust Analysis," Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 2(2), pages 315-37, Fall.
2. Eaton, Jonathan & Grossman, Gene M, 1986. "The Provision of Information as Marketing Strategy," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 38(0), pages 166-83, Suppl. No. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Gene M. Grossman & Carl Shapiro, 1986. "Optimal Dynamic R&D Programs," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 17(4), pages 581-593, Winter. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Eaton, Jonathan & Grossman, Gene M, 1986. "Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy under Oligopoly," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 101(2), pages 383-406, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
5. Grossman, Gene M., 1986. "Imports as a cause of injury: The case of the U.S. steel industry," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(3-4), pages 201-223, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
6. Dixit, Avinash K. & Grossman, Gene M., 1986. "Targeted export promotion with several oligopolistic industries," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(3-4), pages 233-249, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1985

1. Jonathan Eaton & Gene M. Grossman, 1985. "Tariffs as Insurance: Optimal Commercial Policy When Domestic Markets Are Incomplete," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 18(2), pages 258-72, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M & Razin, Assaf, 1985. "The Pattern of Trade in a Ricardian Model with Country-Specific Uncertainty," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 26(1), pages 193-202, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene M, 1985. "The Optimal Tariff for a Small Country under International Uncertainty: A Comment," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 37(1), pages 154-58, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Grossman, Gene M & Razin, Assaf, 1985. "Direct Foreign Investment and the Choice of Technique under Uncertainty," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 37(4), pages 606-20, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1984

1. Grossman, Gene M, 1984. "International Trade, Foreign Investment, and the Formation of the Entrepreneurial Class," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(4), pages 605-14, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Dixit, Avinash & Grossman, Gene, 1984. "Directly Unproductive Prophet-seeking Activities," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(5), pages 1087-88, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene M & Shapiro, Carl, 1984. "Informative Advertising with Differentiated Products," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 51(1), pages 63-81, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Gene M. Grossman, 1984. "International Competition and the Unionized Sector," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 17(3), pages 541-56, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
5. Grossman, Gene M & Razin, Assaf, 1984. "International Capital Movements under Uncertainty," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 92(2), pages 286-306, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
6. Grossman, Gene M., 1984. "The gains from international factor movements," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1-2), pages 73-83, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1983

1. Grossman, Gene M, 1983. "Union Wages, Temporary Layoffs, and Seniority," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 73(3), pages 277-90, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M & Katz, Michael L, 1983. "Plea Bargaining and Social Welfare," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 73(4), pages 749-57, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene M., 1983. "Partially mobile capital : A general approach to two-sector trade theory," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1-2), pages 1-17, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1982

1. Dixit, Avinash K & Grossman, Gene M, 1982. "Trade and Protection with Multistage Production," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 49(4), pages 583-94, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
2. Grossman, Gene M, 1982. "Import Competition from Developed and Developing Countries," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 64(2), pages 271-81, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
3. Grossman, Gene M & Shapiro, Carl, 1982. "A Theory of Factor Mobility," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 90(5), pages 1054-69, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
4. Grossman, Gene M., 1982. "Offshore assembly provisions and the structure of protection," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(3-4), pages 301-312, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1981

1. Grossman, Gene M, 1981. "The Theory of Domestic Content Protection and Content Preference," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 96(4), pages 583-603, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1980

1. Grossman, Gene M., 1980. "Border tax adjustments: Do they distort trade?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 117-128, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

Books

2002

1. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 2002. "Special Interest Politics," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262571676, April.

1995

1. G. M. Grossman & K. Rogoff (ed.), 1995. "Handbook of International Economics," Handbook of International Economics, Elsevier, edition 1, volume 3, number 3. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

1993

1. Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1993. "Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262570971, April.

1992

1. Gene M. Grossman (ed.), 1992. "Imperfect Competition and International Trade," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262570939, April.

Chapters

1995

1. Grossman, Gene M. & Helpman, Elhanan, 1995. "Technology and trade," Handbook of International Economics, in: G. M. Grossman & K. Rogoff (ed.), Handbook of International Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 25, pages 1279-1337 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

Software components

2002

1. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2002. "EST2TEX: Stata module to create LaTeX tables from estimation results," Statistical Software Components S428402, Boston College Department of Economics, revised 22 Mar 2005. [Downloadable!]
2. Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2002. "MATSAVE: Stata module to save and load matrices," Statistical Software Components S428401, Boston College Department of Economics, revised 22 Mar 2005. [Downloadable!]

This page was last updated on 2009-6-29.