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Einfluss von Erwerbslaufbahn und Nachtschwerarbeit auf die Lebenserwartung. Sterberisiko der Männer der Kohorten 1924 bis 1949 in Österreich

Author

Listed:
  • René Böheim

    (WIFO)

  • Käthe Knittler

    (WIFO)

  • Helmut Mahringer

    (WIFO)

Abstract

Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt deutliche Zusammenhänge zwischen der Lebenserwartung einerseits und Merkmalen der Erwerbskarriere und der Einkommensposition andererseits. Auf Basis von (anonymisierten) Individualdaten des Hauptverbandes der österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger wurden die Erwerbskarrieren von Männern der Jahrgänge 1924 bis 1949 untersucht und der Zusammenhang mit der Lebenserwartung getestet. Dabei wurde auch der Frage nachgegangen, wieweit sich die Lebenserwartung der Schwerarbeiter von jener der anderen Beschäftigten unterscheidet. In Österreich ist demnach die Lebenserwartung der Angestellten höher als die der Arbeiter. Der Median des Sterbealters (von Personen, die zumindest das 57. Lebensjahr erreicht haben) liegt für Arbeiter mit 78 Jahren um etwa 5 Jahre unter jenem der Angestellten. Männer, die länger Nachtschwerarbeit verrichtet haben, weisen eine überdurchschnittliche Lebenserwartung auf. Hier mögen sowohl Selektionseffekte (healthy worker effect) als auch der besondere Gesundheitsschutz dieser Beschäftigtengruppe eine Rolle spielen. Die Ergebnisse einer branchenspezifischen Betrachtung legen nahe, dass Arbeitskräfte in relativ geringqualifizierten und belastenden Tätigkeiten eine niedrigere Lebenserwartung aufweisen als in Tätigkeiten, die eine hohe Qualifikation erfordern. Zudem zeigt sich ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Einkommenshöhe und Lebenserwartung. In welchem Ausmaß Unterschiede in der Lebenserwartung durch Arbeitsbedingungen beeinflusst werden oder wieweit andere Faktoren (Lebensstil) dafür verantwortlich sind, kann in dieser Studie jedoch nicht abschließend beantwortet werden.

Suggested Citation

  • René Böheim & Käthe Knittler & Helmut Mahringer, 2008. "Einfluss von Erwerbslaufbahn und Nachtschwerarbeit auf die Lebenserwartung. Sterberisiko der Männer der Kohorten 1924 bis 1949 in Österreich," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 31719, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wstudy:31719
    Note: With English abstract.
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hans-Martin von Gaudecker & Rembrandt D. Scholz, 2006. "Lifetime earnings and life expectancy," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2006-008, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    2. Thomas Lampert & Lars Eric Kroll, 2005. "Einfluss der Einkommensposition auf die Gesundheit und Lebenserwartung," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 527, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    3. Regidor, E. & Ronda, E. & Pascual, C. & Martínez, D. & Calle, M.E. & Domínguez, V., 2006. "Decreasing socioeconomic inequalities and increasing health inequalities in Spain: A case study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 96(1), pages 102-108.
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