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Steel safeguards and the welfare of U.S. steel firms and downstream consumers of steel: a shareholder wealth perspective

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  • Benjamin H. Liebman
  • Kasaundra M. Tomlin

Abstract

. This paper analyses the steel safeguards applied during 2001–3. Results reveal that for shareholders of U.S. steel companies safeguards generated positive ‘abnormal’ returns of approximately 6%. The cancellation of the safeguards resulted in wealth gains of about 5%. Steel shareholders experienced negative abnormal returns of −5% in response to the WTO ruling that the U.S. had violated WTO law. Our results are consistent with the neoclassical view that producers gain at the expense of consumers. Also, findings indicate that downstream‐consuming firms that diversify production in NAFTA countries avert some trade policy risk associated with higher steel costs caused by safeguard protection. Ce texte analyse l'effet de la protection des aciéries américaines au cours de la période 2001–03. Les résultats montrent que, pour les actionnaires des sociétés américaines, cette protection a engendré des profits anormaux de l'ordre de 6%. L'annulation de cette protection a résulté en des gains de richesse d'environ 5%. Les actionnaires des aciéries ont subi des rendements anormaux négatifs de l'ordre de 5%à la suite de la décision de l'OMC à savoir que les Etats‐Unis avaient enfreint la loi. Ces résultats sont consistants avec le point de vue néo‐classique qui suggère que les producteurs gagnent au détriment des consommateurs. De plus, les résultats indiquent que les entreprises consommatrices d'acier en aval qui ont diversifié leur production dans les pays de l'ALENA se sont prémunies contre certains risques associés à la politique commerciale et aux hauts coûts de l'acier engendrés par la protection.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin H. Liebman & Kasaundra M. Tomlin, 2007. "Steel safeguards and the welfare of U.S. steel firms and downstream consumers of steel: a shareholder wealth perspective," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(3), pages 812-842, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:40:y:2007:i:3:p:812-842
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.00432.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Nisha Malhotra & Sumeet Gulati, 2010. "The Effects Of The 1996 U.S.‐Canada Softwood Lumber Agreement On The Industrial Users Of Lumber: An Event Study," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 28(2), pages 275-287, April.
    2. Benjamin Liebman & Kasaundra Tomlin, 2015. "World Trade Organization sanctions, implementation, and retaliation," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 715-745, March.
    3. Ronald B. Davies & Benjamin H. Liebman & Kasaundra Tomlin, 2015. "I've Been Everywhere (Except Mexico): Investor Responses to NAFTA's Cross-Border Trucking Provisions," The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series iiisdp467, IIIS.
    4. Sébastien Jean & Ariell Reshef, 2017. "Why Trade, and What Would Be the Consequences of Protectionism?," CEPII Policy Brief 2017-18, CEPII research center.
    5. Benjamin H. Liebman & Kasaundra M. Tomlin, 2008. "Safeguards and Retaliatory Threats," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 51(2), pages 351-376, May.
    6. Davies, Ronald B. & Studnicka, Zuzanna, 2018. "The heterogeneous impact of Brexit: Early indications from the FTSE," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 1-17.
    7. Chad Bown, 2013. "How Different Are Safeguards from Antidumping? Evidence from US Trade Policies Toward Steel," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 42(4), pages 449-481, June.

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    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business

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