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Concentration of Reproduction in Austria: General Trends and Differentials by Educational Attainment and Urban-Rural Setting

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  • Martin Spielauer

Abstract

In this paper, we explore the inter-individual diversity in fertility among women in Austria for the female birth cohorts 1917-1961. Comparative studies revealed that all Western countries have witnessed a decline in the concentration of reproduction during the 20th century, a trend that has reversed for the most recent cohorts which have reached the end of their reproductive period. This reversal, mainly triggered by an increase in childlessness, has been hardly perceptible in Austria and limited to urban municipalities. Changes in fertility and concentration have followed very different trajectories by educational attainment as well as by the type of municipality in which women lived at age 15. Within educational categories, we found large differentials by profession and intergenerational educational mobility. A consequence of the concentration of reproduction is that the level of cohort fertility differs from the average sibship size seen from the children's perspective. In the Austrian case, in contrast to the pronounced fertility differentials by educational attainment, the average sibship size experienced by children became almost independent of parents' education. In contrast to the negative correlation between fertility and concentration found in earlier studies for the first demographic transition and the baby boom, the fertility level and concentration moved in the same direction, and did so for an extended time period following the baby boom, accelerating changes from the children's perspective.

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  • Martin Spielauer, 2005. "Concentration of Reproduction in Austria: General Trends and Differentials by Educational Attainment and Urban-Rural Setting," Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, vol. 3(1), pages 171-195.
    • Handle: RePEc:vid:yearbk:v:3:y:2005:i:1:p:171-195
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    1. Martin Spielauer, 2004. "Childlessness and the concentration of reproduction in Austria," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2004-028, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    2. Jan M. Hoem & Gerda R. Neyer & Gunnar Andersson, 2005. "Childlessness and educational attainment among Swedish women born in 1955-59," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2005-014, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bilal Barakat & Rachel Durham, 2013. "Drop-out mayors and graduate farmers: Educational fertility differentials by occupational status and industry in six European countries," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 28(42), pages 1213-1262.
    2. Martin Spielauer & Thomas Horvath & Marian Fink, 2020. "microWELT: A Dynamic Microsimulation Model for the Study of Welfare Transfer Flows in Ageing Societies from a Comparative Welfare State Perspective," WIFO Working Papers 609, WIFO.
    3. Martin Spielauer & Thomas Horvath & Walter Hyll & Marian Fink, 2020. "microWELT: Socio-Demographic Parameters and Projections for Austria, Spain, Finland, and the UK," WIFO Working Papers 611, WIFO.
    4. Fulda, Barbara, 2016. "Immer weniger Kinder? Soziale Milieus und regionale Geburtenraten in Deutschland," Schriften aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Köln, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, volume 87, number 87.
    5. Vladimir M. Shkolnikov & Evgueni M. Andreev & René Houle & James W. Vaupel, 2007. "The Concentration of Reproduction in Cohorts of Women in Europe and the United States," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 33(1), pages 67-100, March.
    6. Fulda, Barbara, 2015. "Culture's influence regionally differing social milieus and variations in fertility rates," MPIfG Discussion Paper 15/4, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    7. Spielauer, Martin & Horvath, Thomas & Fink, Marian & Abio, Gemma & Souto, Guadalupe & Patxot, Ció & Istenič, Tanja, 2023. "The effect of educational expansion and family change on the sustainability of public and private transfers," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 25(C).
    8. Martin Spielauer & Thomas Horvath & Marian Fink & Gemma Abio & Guadalupe Souto Nieves & Concepció Patxot & Tanja Istenič, 2020. "microWELT: Microsimulation Projection of Indicators of the Economic Effects of Population Ageing Based on Disaggregated National Transfer Accounts," WIFO Working Papers 612, WIFO.

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