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Scale Economies, the Value of Time, and the Demand for Money: Longitudinal Evidence from Firms

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Mulligan, Casey B

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Abstract

COMPUSTAT data on 12,000 firms for the years 1961-92 indicate that large firms hold less cash as a percentage of sales than small ones. Whether comparisons are made within or across industries, the elasticity of cash balances with respect to sales is about 0.8. Firms headquartered in countries with high wages hold more money for a given level of sales, a finding consistent with the idea that time can substitute for money in the provision of transactions services. The estimates are consistent with both scale economies in the holding of money and secular declines in velocity. Copyright 1997 by the University of Chicago.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by University of Chicago Press in its journal Journal of Political Economy.

Volume (Year): 105 (1997)
Issue (Month): 5 (October)
Pages: 1061-79
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Handle: RePEc:ucp:jpolec:v:105:y:1997:i:5:p:1061-79

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  1. Orazio Attanasio & Luigi Guiso & Tuillo Jappelli, 1998. "The Demand for Money, Financial Innovation, and the Welfare Cost of Inflation: An Analysis with Household Data," NBER Working Papers 6593, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Yungsan Kim & Woon Gyu Choi, 2001. "Monetary Policy and Corporate Liquid Asset Demand," IMF Working Papers 01/177, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  3. Dittmar, Amy & Mahrt-Smith, Jan & Servaes, Henri, 2002. "Corporate Liquidity," CEPR Discussion Papers 3499, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé & Martín Uribe, 2006. "Optimal Simple and Implementable Monetary and Fiscal Rules: Expanded Version," NBER Working Papers 12402, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Olympia Bover & Nadine Watson, 2000. "Are there Economies of Scale in the Demand for Money by Firms? some Panel Data Estimates," Banco de España Working Papers 0008, Banco de España. [Downloadable!]
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  6. Jess Benhabib & Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe & Martin Uribe, 2003. "Backward-Looking Interest-Rate Rules, Interest-Rate Smoothing, and Macroeconomic Instability," Departmental Working Papers 200304, Rutgers University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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  7. Jess Benhabib & Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe & Martin Uribe, 2001. "Monetary Policy and Multiple Equilibria," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(1), pages 167-186, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Michael Kumhof, 2004. "Fiscal Crisis Resolution: Taxation versus Inflation," Working Papers 102004, Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research. [Downloadable!]
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  9. Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé & Martín Uribe, 2007. "Optimal simple and implementable monetary and fiscal rules," Working Paper 2007-24, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. [Downloadable!]
  10. Bates, Thomas W. & Kahle, Kathleen M. & Stulz, Rene M., 2007. "Why Do U.S. Firms Hold So Much More Cash Than They Used To?," Working Paper Series 2006-17, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics. [Downloadable!]
  11. Dietrich Earnhart, 2004. "Time is Money: Improved Valuation of Time and Transportation Costs," Environmental & Resource Economics, European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 29(2), pages 159-190, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Casey B. Mulligan & Xavier Sala-i-Martin, 1995. "Adoption of Financial Technologies: Implications for Money Demand and Monetary Policy," Economics Working Papers 134, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. [Downloadable!]
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  13. Stephanie Schmitt-Grohe & Martin Uribe, 2004. "Optimal Simple and Implementable Monetary and Fiscal Rules," NBER Working Papers 10253, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  14. Thomas W. Bates & Kathleen M. Kahle & Rene M. Stulz, 2006. "Why Do U.S. Firms Hold So Much More Cash Than They Used To?," NBER Working Papers 12534, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Casey B. Mulligan & Xavier X. Sala-i-Martin, 1997. "The Optimum Quantity of Money: Theory and Evidence," NBER Working Papers 5954, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  16. Casey B. Mulligan, 1997. "The demand for money by firms: some additional empirical results," Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics 125, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!]
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  17. Lee Pinkowitz & Rene M. Stulz & Rohan Williamson, 2003. "Do Firms in Countries with Poor Protection of Investor Rights Hold More Cash?," NBER Working Papers 10188, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. C. Fritz Foley & Jay C. Hartzell & Sheridan Titman & Garry Twite, 2006. "Why do firms hold so much cash? A tax-based explanation," NBER Working Papers 12649, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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