Effects of Criminal Procedure on Crime Rates: Mapping Out the Consequences of the Exclusionary Rule

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Effects of Criminal Procedure on Crime Rates: Mapping Out the Consequences of the Exclusionary Rule

Author Info

Atkins, Raymond A
Rubin, Paul H

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Paul H. Rubin

Abstract

In 1961, in its Mapp v. Ohio to ruling, the Supreme Court required every state to exclude from criminal trials evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment. This is the "exclusionary rule." At the time the Supreme Court issued its ruling, 24 states allowed ill-gotten evidence in their criminal trials, and 24 excluded it. An economic analysis of the search warrant process predicts an increase in crime rates after the Supreme Court forced states to adopt the exclusionary rule as police officers substitute away from searches toward alternatives they consider less effective. Our empirical analysis supports this theoretical prediction. We find a statistically and economically significant increase in crimes followed the Supreme Court's imposition of the exclusionary rule, with suburban cities bearing the brunt of the Supreme Court's decision.

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Article provided by University of Chicago Press in its journal Journal of Law and Economics.

Volume (Year): 46 (2003)
Issue (Month): 1 (April)
Pages: 157-79
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Handle: RePEc:ucp:jlawec:y:2003:v:46:i:1:p:157-79

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Dhammika Dharmapala & Thomas J. Miceli, 2003. "Search, Seizure and (False?) Arrest: An Analysis of Fourth Amendment Remedies when Police can Plant Evidence," Working papers 2003-37, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]

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