Do referees employed by journals merely screen acceptable from unacceptable manuscripts or are they charged with an additional value-adding responsibility vis-a-vis the papers they review? Drawing from editorial correspondence provided by survey respondents, the authors address this question by examining the relationship between citations of published papers and comments provided by reviewers and editors. Referees' comments demonstrate a positive impact on subsequent citation of papers, while comments made by editors show no such impact. Value-adding by editors appears to derive principally from efficient matching of paper with reviewers. Copyright 1990, the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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