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Agglomeration and Trade with Input--Output Linkages and Capital Mobility

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Author Info
Frédéric Robert-Nicoud

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Abstract

This paper proposes a nesting 'New Trade, New Economic Geography’ model in which agglomeration is driven by input--output linkages among firms, trade in goods and capital mobility. The New Economic Geography sub-model exhibits the same positive and dynamic properties as a wide class of models based on other agglomeration mechanisms. Its normative implications are nuanced: equity and efficiency do not necessarily conflict. When input--output linkages are strong, agglomeration might Pareto-dominate dispersion because agglomeration lowers producer prices. When vertical linkages are weak, the market is biased in favour of agglomeration if the planer has a strong aversion to inequalities. RÉSUMÉ Accumulation et commerce avec intégration amont-aval et mobilité du capital. Cet article décrit un modèle, qui a donné naissance au modèle commercial de Flam et Helpman (1987), et de Martin et Rogers (1995) et à un modèle original à la Krugman « Nouvelle Géographie Economique » (1991). L'accumulation se produit par l'intégration amont-aval des sociétés entre elles et par la mobilité du capital. L'auteur étudie les conséquences positives puis normatives du modèle. Dans le domaine des conséquences positives, le modèle NGE montre les mêmes propriétés dynamiques que les autres modèles fondés sur d'autres mécanismes d'accumulation (migration du travail, accumulation de capital humain). Donc, ce modèle est bien adapté pour étudier les questions de localisation des industries, du commerce des biens et de la mobilité du capital. En ce qui concerne les conséquences normatives, lorsque l'intégration amont- aval est forte, l'accumulation peut l'emporter sur la dispersion de Pareto, parce que l'accumulation conduit à une diminution des prix du producteur: l'efficacité et la valeur n'entrent pas forcément en conflit dans ce modèle. Quand l'intégration verticale est faible, le marché est orienté en faveur de l'accumulation si le décideur montre une grande aversion aux inégalités. RESUMEN Aglomeración y comercio con enlaces de entrada--salida y movilidad de capital En este artículo expongo un modelo que atrapa el modelo comercial de Flam y Helpman (1987), de Martin y Rogers (1995) y de un modelo original según la teoría la 'Nueva Geografía Económica’ de Krugman (1991). La aglomeración está impulsada por enlaces de entrada--salida entre las sociedades y por la movilidad de capital. Aquí analizo las implicaciones positivas y normativas del modelo. En términos de implicaciones positivas, el modelo NEG expone las mismas propiedades dinámicas como una amplia clase de modelos basados en otros mecanismos de aglomeración (migración laboral, acumulación de capital humano). De este modo, el modelo encaja bien para estudiar cuestiones en cuanto a la ubicación de la industria, el comercio de mercancías y la movilidad de capital. Con respecto a las implicaciones normativas, cuando son sólidos los enlaces de entrada--salida, la aglomeración podría dominar la dispersión en el diagrama de Pareto debido a que la aglomeración hace disminuir los precios de los productores: en este modelo la eficiencia y la equidad no necesariamente están en conflicto. Cuando los enlaces verticales son débiles, el mercado es sesgado a favor de la aglomeración si el planificador tiene una fuerte aversión a las desigualdades.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Taylor and Francis Journals in its journal Spatial Economic Analysis.

Volume (Year): 1 (2006)
Issue (Month): 1 (June)
Pages: 101-126
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Handle: RePEc:taf:specan:v:1:y:2006:i:1:p:101-126

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Related research
Keywords: New Economic Geography; capital mobility; international trade; welfare;

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  18. Robert-Nicoud, Frédéric, 2004. "The Structure of Simple 'New Economic Geography' Models," CEPR Discussion Papers 4326, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  19. Kiminori Matsuyama, 1995. "Complementarities and Cumulative Processes in Models of Monopolistic Competition," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 33(2), pages 701-729, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  20. Paolo Epifani, 2001. "Heckscher-Ohlin and Agglomeration," KITeS Working Papers 126, KITeS, Centre for Knowledge, Internationalization and Technology Studies, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy, revised Dec 2001. [Downloadable!]
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