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Unwilling or unable? spatial and socio-economic restrictions on females’ labour market access

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Author Info
Maarten Van Ham
Felix Büchel

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Abstract

Van Ham M. and Büchel F. (2006) Unwilling or unable? Spatial and socio-economic restrictions on females’ labour market access, Regional Studies 40, 345--357. The effects of regional structures on both females’ willingness to work and the probability of being employed for those willing to work are analysed. Special permission was granted to link regional data to individual respondents in the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Results of a bivariate probit model correcting for sample selection show that high regional unemployment discourages women from entering the labour market. Those willing to work find it easier to do so if they live in regions with low regional female unemployment rates, at a short distance from the next agglomeration, and -- for mothers -- with a high density of childcare provision. Van Ham M. et Büchel F. (2006) Peu disposées ou incapables? Les limites géographiques et socio-économiques à l'insertion des femmes dans le marché du travail, Regional Studies 40, 345--357. On cherche à analyser l'impact des structures régionales à la fois sur la disposition des femmes à travailler et sur la probabilité de trouver un emploi de celles qui sont disposées à travailler. A titre exceptionnel, on a pu lier des données régionales à l’échantillon permanent socio-économique allemand (German Socio-Economic Panel -- GSOEP). Les résultats d'un modèle probit à deux variables, qui corrige en fonction de la sélection de l’échantillon, démontrent qu'un taux de chômage régional élevé décourage les femmes de s'insérer dans le marché du travail. Celles qui sont disposées à travailler le trouvent plus facile si elles habitent des zones où le taux de chômage féminin régional s'avère peu élevé, qui sont à peu de distance de l'agglomération limitrophe, et -- pour les mères -- où les crèches sont à forte densité. Offre d'emploi féminin, Marchés du travail régionaux, Crèches, Modèle probit à deux variables, Allemagne Van Ham M. und Büchel F. (2006) Nicht gewillt oder nicht in der Lage? Räumliche und sozio-ökonomische Einschränkungen des Zugangs zum Arbeitsmarkt für Frauen, Regional Studies 40, 345--357. Dieser Aufsatz analysiert die Auswirkungen regionaler Strukturen auf die Bereitschaft von Frauen, einem Erwerb nachzugehen, und die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Erwerbstätigkeit für solche, die willens sind. Den Autoren wurde gestattet, regionale Daten mit einzelnen Teilnehmern der deutschen sozio-ökonomischen Vertretung (German Socio-economic Panel = GSEP) zu verbinden. Ergebnisse einer zweifach variablen Probitmodellkorektur für Stichprobenauswahl zeigen, daß hochgradige regionale Erwerbslosigkeit Frauen vom Einstieg ins Erwerbsleben abhält. Diejenigen, die arbeiten wollen, finden es leichter, diesen Vorsatz zu verwirklichen, wenn sie in Regionen leben, die geringe Erwerbslosigkeitsraten unter Frauen aufweisen, wenn die Entfernung zur nächsten Agglomeration nicht weit ist, und, soweit sie Mütter sind, ihnen eine gute Auswahl von Angeboten der Kinderpflege entgegenkommt. Angebot weiblicher Arbeitskräfte, regionale Arbeitsmärkte, Bereitstellung von Kinderpflege, zweifach variables Probitmodell, Deutschland Van Ham M. y Büchel F. (2006) ¿No quieren o no pueden? Limitaciones espaciales y socioeconómicas de las mujeres para acceder al mercado laboral, Regional Studies 40, 345--357. Analizamos cuáles son los efectos de las estructuras regionales con respecto a la disposición de las mujeres para el trabajo y la probabilidad de que las que desean trabajar sean contratadas. Recibimos una autorización especial para poder vincular los datos regionales con entrevistados individuales en el panel socioeconómico alemán. Los resultados de un modelo probit bivariado para corregir por selección muestral indican que el alto nivel de desempleo regional desanima a las mujeres a entrar en el mercado laboral. Las que quieren trabajar hallan empleo antes si viven en regiones con tasas bajas de desempleo femenino, a una corta distancia de la siguiente aglomeración, y en el caso de madres, si existe una alta densidad de cobertura de atención a la infancia. Mercado laboral femenino, Mercados laborales regionales, Cobertura de atención a la infancia, Modelo probit bivariado, Alemania

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Article provided by Taylor and Francis Journals in its journal Regional Studies.

Volume (Year): 40 (2006)
Issue (Month): 3 (May)
Pages: 345-357
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Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:40:y:2006:i:3:p:345-357

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Related research
Keywords: Female labour supply; Regional labour markets; Childcare provision; Bivariate probit model; Germany;

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Berger, Mark C & Black, Dan A, 1992. "Child Care Subsidies, Quality of Care, and the Labor Supply of Low-Income, Single Mothers," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 74(4), pages 635-42, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Van de Ven, Wynand P. M. M. & Van Praag, Bernard M. S., 1981. "The demand for deductibles in private health insurance : A probit model with sample selection," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 229-252, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Blau, David M & Robins, Philip K, 1988. "Child-Care Costs and Family Labor Supply," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 70(3), pages 374-81, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Heckman, James J, 1979. "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 47(1), pages 153-61, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Rouwendal, Jan, 1999. "Spatial job search and commuting distances," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 491-517, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Heckman, James J, 1974. "Effects of Child-Care Programs on Women's Work Effort," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 82(2), pages S136-S163, Part II, . [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. repec:att:wimass:199217 is not listed on IDEAS
  8. David M. Blau & Alison P. Hagy, 1998. "The Demand for Quality in Child Care," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 106(1), pages 104-146, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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