IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/taf/regstd/v36y2002i6p611-626.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Exchange Rate and Regional Divergences: The Swiss Case

Author

Listed:
  • Jose Corpataux
  • Olivier Crevoisier
  • Alain Thierstein

Abstract

From 1975 to 1995, the Swiss franc appreciated in a near constant manner compared with the currencies of all of the country's commercial partners. This paper will seek to demonstrate that the various regions in Switzerland evolve differently when faced with a continuously appreciating currency. The paper is not in the nature of an econometric study and will not seek to quantify the gains and losses of each region, but it will view their structural evolution via the effect of the exchange rates. Faced with the appreciation of the Swiss franc and based on their productive specialities, some regions suffer badly from this, whilst others cope with it and even thrive on it. It is thus possible to openly question the consequences of the Swiss National Bank's monetary policy: has domestic industry been sacrificed in favour of financial activities? Is the continuous rise of the Swiss franc increasing regional disparities in Switzerland? The paper first discusses the theories that establish a link between the exchange rate and the evolution of regional production systems. All these theories draw conclusions that can vary radically. Furthermore, they are usually based on the assumption of homogenous national territories. The second part contains a description of the methodology applied, which is based on the concept of regional production systems (RPSs). The impact of the exchange rate on RPSs is explained by means of three criteria: sectorial specialization and basic source of income within RPSs; the presence or absence of large firms; and the innovative capacity of the RPSs. The third part of the paper illustrates five examples of RPSs, each of which has evolved in a radically different way over the relevant period. Lastly,a link is established between the regional divergences and the evolution of the exchange rate in the whole of Switzerland from 1975 to 1995. The conclusion draws a parallel between the evolution in Switzerland and the tensions that could arise between the regions and the nations constituting the Euro zone. Entre 1975 et 1995, le franc suisse s'est apprecie de maniere presque continue face aux monnaies de l'ensemble des partenaires commerciaux du pays. Cet article cherchera a mettre en evidence l'evolution differenciee que connaissent les regions de Suisse face a une monnaie en appreciation continue. Cet article ne releve pas d'une etude econometrique et ne cherche pas a quantifier les gains ou les pertes de chaque region, mais saisit en revanche leur evolution structurelle a travers l'effet du taux de change. Face a l'appreciation du franc suisse et en fonction de leurs specialisations productives, certaines regions souffrent considerablement, alors que d'autres s'en accommodent, voire en beneficient clairement. Cette article demontre ainsi que la politique monetaire n'est pas neutre d'un point de vue sectoriel et regional. On peut, des lors, ouvertement s'interroger sur les consequences de la politique monetaire menee par la Banque Nationale Suisse: l'industrie nationale n'aurait-elle pas ete sacrifiee au profit des activites financieres? L'appreciation continue du franc n'est-elle pas en train de transformer la Suisse en machine a fabriquer de la divergence territoriale? Cet article examine tout d'abord les theories qui mettent en relation le taux de change et l'evolution des systemes de production. Ces differentes theories aboutissent a des conclusions qui peuvent etre radicalement differentes. De plus, elles supposent generalement des espaces nationaux homogenes. Ensuite, dans la seconde partie, nous preciserons la methodologie utilisee pour mettre en evidence des systemes de production regionaux (SPR) en Suisse. L'impact du taux de change sur les SPR sera examine a travers trois criteres: la specialisation sectorielle et la provenance du revenu de base du SPR, la presence ou l'absence de grandes entreprises et enfin la capacite d'innovation du SPR. La troisieme partie presente cinq exemples de SPR qui ont connu des evolutions radicalement differentes durant la periode consideree. Enfin, on met en relation les divergences regionales et l'evolution du taux de change au niveau de la Suisse entre 1975 et 1995. La conclusion tire un parallele entre l'evolution suisse et de possibles tensions futures entre les regions et les nations qui constituent la zone Euro. Zwischen 1975 und 1995 hat sich der Aussenwert des Schweizer Frankens, verglichen mit den Wahrungen der Schweizer Handelspartner, beinahe konstant erhoht. Dieser Beitrag versucht zu zeigen, dass sich die Regionen der Schweiz angesichts der sich kontinuierlich aufwertenden Schweizer Wahrung unterschiedlich entwickeln. Der Artikel zeigt in erster Linie, wie die strukturelle Regionalentwicklung beeinflusst wird von Wechselkursen. Es geht dabei aber nicht um eine okonometrisch ausgelegte Quantifizierung von Gewinnen und Verlusten der Regionen. Aufgrund der spezifischen Wirtschaftsstruktur spuren einige Regionen die Aufwertung des Frankens sehr deutlich, wahrend andere sich mit diesem Druck gut arrangieren und wiederum dritte gar davon profitieren konnen. Geht man von dieser Feststellung aus, so muss die Politik der Schweizer Nationalbank auf den Prufstand gestellt werden: wurde im Nachhinein betrachtet die einheimische Industrie zugunsten des Finanzsektors geopfert? Bewirkt die standige Aufwertung des Schweizer Frankens nicht eine Vergrosserung der regionalen Disparitaten? Der Beitrag prasentiert zuerst Theorien, die eine Verbindung herstellen konnen zwischen dem Wechselkurs und der Entwicklung von regionalen Produktionssystemen. Diese Theorien kommen jedoch zu sehr stark auseinander liegenden Folgerungen. Zudem gehen diese Uberlegungen in der Regel von einem homogenen nationalen Territorium aus. Im zweiten Teil des Artikels wird die angewandte Analysemethode erlautert, die auf dem Konzept der regionalen Produktionssysteme (RPS) aufbaut. Die Auswirkungen des Wechselkurses auf die RPS werden durch drei Kriterien erklart: sektorale Spezialisierung und das Exportbasis-Einkommen von RPS; das Vorhandensein oder Fehlen von Grossunternehmen; die Innovationsfahigkeit von RPS. Der dritte Teil des Beitrages illustriert fur die Untersuchungsperiode die sehr unterschiedlichen Entwicklungspfade von funf RPS. Schliesslich wird fur die Schweiz als ganzes und die Periode von 1975 bis 1995 ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Entwicklung des Wechselkurses einerseits und von regionalen Disparitaten anderseits hergestellt. Die Schlussfolgerung zieht eine Parallele zwischen dem 'realen Fallbeispiel' Schweiz und den moglichen Spannungen, die sich in Zukunft zwischen Regionen und Mitgliedstaaten der Europaischen Wahrungsunion ergeben konnen.

Suggested Citation

  • Jose Corpataux & Olivier Crevoisier & Alain Thierstein, 2002. "Exchange Rate and Regional Divergences: The Swiss Case," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(6), pages 611-626.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:36:y:2002:i:6:p:611-626
    DOI: 10.1080/00343400220146768
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00343400220146768
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1080/00343400220146768?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version below or search for a different version of it.

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ron Martin, 2001. "EMU versus the regions? Regional convergence and divergence in Euroland," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 1(1), pages 51-80, January.
    2. Michel Aglietta & Camille Baulant, 1994. "Contrainte extérieure et compétitivité dans la transition vers l'union économique et monétaire," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(1), pages 7-54.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Olivier Crevoisier & Frédéric Quiquerez, 2004. "Integration of control relations in the problematic of competition between regions," ERSA conference papers ersa04p419, European Regional Science Association.
    2. José Corpataux & Olivier Crevoisier, 2005. "Increased Capital Mobility/Liquidity and its Repercussions at Regional Level," GRET Publications and Working Papers 10-05, GRET Group of Research in Territorial Economy, University of Neuchâtel.
    3. Christof Abegg & Alain Thierstein, 2003. "The liberalization of public services and their impact of on the competitiveness of firms: a case study in the Alpine regions of Switzerland," ERSA conference papers ersa03p145, European Regional Science Association.
    4. Twinam, Tate, 2020. "Trade Shocks and Growth: The Impact of the Quartz Crisis in Switzerland," SocArXiv twscm, Center for Open Science.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Michael Beenstock & Daniel Felsenstein, 2003. "Decomposing the Dynamics of Regional Earnings Disparities in Israel," ERSA conference papers ersa03p90, European Regional Science Association.
    2. Stefano Schiavo, 2008. "Financial Integration, GDP Correlation and the Endogeneity of Optimum Currency Areas," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 75(297), pages 168-189, February.
    3. Filippetti, Andrea & Payrache, Antonio, 2010. "Productivity growth and catch up in Europe: A new perspective on total factor productivity differences," MPRA Paper 27212, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Stoyan Totev, 2010. "Economic Integration and Conversion in the EU Member States," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 5, pages 3-23.
    5. Yacine Belarbi & Abdallah Zouache, 2007. "Regional Employment Growth and Spatial Dependencies in Algeria (1998-2005)," Post-Print ujm-00177453, HAL.
    6. Coscia, Michelle & Cheston, Timothy & Hausmann, Ricardo, 2017. "Institutions vs. Social Interactions in Driving Economic Convergence: Evidence from Colombia," Working Paper Series rwp17-014, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    7. Stilianos Alexiadis & Alexandros Alexandrakis, 2008. "Threshold Conditions and Regional Convergence in European Agriculture," International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research (IJBESAR), International Hellenic University (IHU), Kavala Campus, Greece (formerly Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology - EMaTTech), vol. 1(2), pages 13-37, December.
    8. José Miguel Albert & Jorge Mateu & Vicente Orts, 2007. "Distribución Espacial De La Actividad Económica En La Union Europea," Working Papers. Serie EC 2007-02, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. (Ivie).
    9. Luisa Corrado & Ron Martin & Melvyn Weeks, 2004. "Identifying And Interpreting Convergence Clusters Across Europe," Royal Economic Society Annual Conference 2004 145, Royal Economic Society.
    10. Stavros Rodokanakis, 2006. "“How Effective are the Regional Policies of Convergence in the EU?”," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3-4), pages 59-74.
    11. Djula Borozan, 2017. "Internal Migration, Regional Economic Convergence, and Growth in Croatia," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 40(2), pages 141-163, March.
    12. George Petrakos & Panagiotis Artelaris, 2009. "European Regional Convergence Revisited: A Weighted Least Squares Approach," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(2), pages 314-331, June.
    13. Maria Garrone & Dorien Emmers & Alessandro Olper & Jo Swinnen, 2018. "Subsidies and Agricultural Productivity: CAP payments and labour productivity (convergence) in EU agriculture," Working Papers of LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance 634340, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance.
    14. Alexiadis, Stilianos & Tomkins, Judith, 2010. "Technology adoption and club convergence," MPRA Paper 21260, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Kurt Geppert & Martin Gornig & Andreas Stephan, 2003. "Productivity Differences in the European Union: National, Regional and Spatial Effects," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 383, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    16. Tani, Massimiliano & Manuguerra, Maurizio, 2013. "The Effect of Migration and Spatial Connectivity on Regional Skill Endowments across Europe: 1988-2010," IZA Discussion Papers 7292, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    17. Paul Plummer & Michael Taylor, 2003. "Theory and Praxis in Economic Geography: ‘Enterprising’ and Local Growth in a Global Economy," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 21(5), pages 633-649, October.
    18. Eckey, Hans-Friedrich & Türck, Matthias, 2005. "Convergence of EU-regions: A literature report," Volkswirtschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge 80, University of Kassel, Faculty of Economics and Management.
    19. Andrea Bonilla BOLAÑOS, 2017. "Are South American Countries Really Converging?: The Influence of the Region's Integration Projects," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(3), pages 130-149, September.
    20. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/9857 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Nikos Christodoulakis, 2009. "Ten Years Of Emu: Convergence, Divergence And New Policy Priorities," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 208(1), pages 86-100, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Exchange Rate; Optimal Monetary Zone; Regional Production Systems; Financial Centres; Euroland; Industrial Regions; Tourist Regions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G3 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance
    • L2 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • G0 - Financial Economics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:36:y:2002:i:6:p:611-626. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Longhurst (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.tandfonline.com/CRES20 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.