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'It's the Economy, Stupid' - But Which Economy? Geographical Scales, Retrospective Economic Evaluations and Voting at the 1997 British General Election

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  • R. J. Johnston
  • C. J. Pattie

Abstract

Virtually all studies of retrospective economic voting in the UK look at two sets of economic evaluations only, relating to respondents' perceptions of the national economic situation and their own households' financial position. We argue that a further scale should be added to these models, involving evaluations of each respondent's local area's prosperity - because economic development is spatially uneven. Using data from the 1997 British Election Study, we assess this case and find not only that evaluations of local area prosperity are significantly related to vote but also that, when these are included in the models, evaluations of the national economic situation are largely insignificant - especially when prior vote is held constant. British voters decided whether to reward or punish the incumbent Conservative government in 1997 on the basis of their local and personal situations, much more than their evaluation of the state of the national economy. Au Royaume-Uni, la majoritedes etudes portant sur les intentions de vote economiques retrospectives ne considerent que deux ensembles d'evaluations economiques, qui examinent comment les personnes interrogees percoivent la conjoncture economique du pays et la situation financiere de leur propre menage. On propose une autre echelle qui implique une evaluation de la prosperitede la zone de residence de la personne interrogee - parce que le developpement economique s'avere irregulier. A partir des donnees provenant d'une etude des intentions de vote au moment des l'elections legislatives de 1997 en Grande-Bretagne (1997 British Election Study) on evalue la proposition ci-dessus. Il s'avere que les evaluations de la prosperitede la zone de residence sont etroitement liees aux intentions de voteace moment-la et, qui plus est, quand celles-lasont comprises dans les modeles, les evaluations de la conjonture economique du pays sont grosso modo negligeables - surtout quand les intentions anterieures restent constantes. L'electorat britannique a decide ou de recompenser ou de punir le gouvernement conservateur au pouvoir en 1997 en fonction de ses situations personnelle et locale, plutot que sur la base de son evaluation de la conjoncture economique du pays. Nahezu alle Untersuchungen retrospektiver, wirtschaflich bestimmter Stimmabgabe in Grossbritannien beschaftigen sich mit nur zwei Reihen wirtschaftlicher Bewertungen, die sich auf Auffassungen der Angesprochenen hinsichtlich der wirtschaftlichen Lage des Landes und darauf beziehen, wie ihr eigener Haushalt finanziell gestellt ist. Die Autoren verteten den Standpunkt, dass diesen eine weitere Grossenordnung zugefugt werden sollte, welche Bewertungen des Wohlstands der Wohngegenden der Korrespondenten einschliesst, weil der Vorgang wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung raumlich unterschiedlich ist. Die Autoren benutzen Daten der Untersuchung der britischen Wahl des Jahres 1997 zur Beurteilung des Falles, und stellen nicht nur fest, dass Bewertungen der Wohlhabenheit einer Ortsgegend in signifikanter Beziehung zur Stimmabgabe stehen, sondern auch, dass Bewertungen der Wirtschaftlage des Staates weitgehend belanglos bleiben, wenn man erstere in die Modellbetwertungen letzterer einbezieht - besonders, wenn fruhere Stimmergebnisse konstant blieben. Britische Wahler bestimmten im Jahre 1997 mehr auf Grund ihrer ortlichen und personlichen Verhaltnisse, denn ihrer Bewertung des Zustands der uberregionalen Wirtschaft des Landes, ob die amtierende konservative Regierung zu belohnen oder zu bestrafen sei.

Suggested Citation

  • R. J. Johnston & C. J. Pattie, 2001. "'It's the Economy, Stupid' - But Which Economy? Geographical Scales, Retrospective Economic Evaluations and Voting at the 1997 British General Election," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(4), pages 309-319.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:35:y:2001:i:4:p:309-319
    DOI: 10.1080/00343400123348
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sanders, David & Ward, Hugh & Marsh, David & Fletcher, Tony, 1987. "Government Popularity and the Falklands War: A Reassessment," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 17(3), pages 281-313, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gebhard Kirchgässner, 2016. "Voting and Popularity," CREMA Working Paper Series 2016-08, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
    2. Ron Johnston & Richard Harris & Kelvyn Jones, 2007. "Sampling People or People in Places? The BES as an Election Study," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 55(1), pages 86-112, March.
    3. Elinder, Mikael, 2010. "Local economies and general elections: The influence of municipal and regional economic conditions on voting in Sweden 1985-2002," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 279-292, June.
    4. Arzu TEKTAS & Asli Deniz HELVACIOGLU & Abdulmecit KARATAS, 2016. "The Potential Impact Of Regional Beyond Gdp Indicators On Elections," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(2), pages 65-72, June.
    5. Artés, Joaquín, 2014. "The rain in Spain: Turnout and partisan voting in Spanish elections," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 126-141.

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