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Spatial Transfer of Knowledge in High Technology Milieux: Learning Versus Collective Learning Processes

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Roberta Capello

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Abstract

CAPELLO R. (1999) Spatial transfer of knowledge in high technology milieux: learning versus collective learning processes, Reg. Studies 33 , 353–365 . An analysis of the definitions provided so far in the literature shows ambiguities in the conceptualization of collective learning. A parallel analysis of the concepts of learning and collective learning is provided, and similarities and differences underlined. One of the main distinguishing features of collective learning is embedded in the element of ‘club externality', while ‘continuity' and ‘dynamic synergies' are common properties of learning and collective learning. These reflections lead to some interesting empirical questions which are investigated in the empirical part of the paper. In particular, the empirical analysis addresses the questions: (1) is it true that collective learning is not the result of co-operative behaviour, but of a collective behaviour; and (2) is it true that collective learning is the way of achieving new creative resources for SMEs in local areas, and not other kinds of learning? The empirical analysis is based on three Italian high technology milieux. Descriptive and interpretative statistical methodologies are used in this part of the paper. CAPELLO R. (1999) Le transfert spatial de la connaissance dans des technopôles: l'apprentissage contre les processus d'apprentissage collectif, Reg. Studies 33 , 353-365 . Puisant dans la documentation, il en résulte d'une analyse des définitions disponibles quelques ambiguités àpropos de la conceptualisation de l'apprentissage collectif. On fournit une analyse parallèle des concepts d'apprentissage et d'apprentisage collectif et souligne les similarités et les différences. L'une des principales caractéristiques de l'apprentissage collectif est ancrée dans la notion de 'retombée commune', tandis que les notions de 'continuité' et de 'synergies dynamiques' sont des traits particuliers de l'apprentissage et de l'apprentissage collectif. Ces remarques laissent supposer des questions empiriques intéressantes qui se voient aborder dans la partie empirique de l'article. En particulier, l'analyse empirique remet en cause la vérité des affirmations suivantes: a). l'apprentissage collectif ne résulte pas d'un comportement coopératif mais d'un comportement collectif; b). par rapport aux autres genres d'apprentissage, c'est par l'apprentissage collectif que l'on peut engendrer de nouvelles ressources dynamiques en faveur des PME situées dans les collectivités locales. L'analyse empirique est fondée sur trois technopoles en Italie. Cette partie de l'article se sert des méthodologies de description et d'interprétation statistiques. CAPELLO R. (1999)Ra ¨umliche Wissensvermittlung in hoch technisierten Milieus: Lernen gegen kollektive Lernprozesse, Reg. Studies 33 , 353–365 . Eine Analyse der Definitionen, die bisher von der Literatur angeboten wurden, weist Ambiguita ¨ten in der begrifflichen Fassung kollektiven Lernens auf. Es wird eine Parallelanalyse der Konzepte des Lernens und kollectiven Lernens vorgestellt, und A ¨hnlichkeiten sowie Unterschiede hervorgehoben. Einer der Hauptunterschiede kollektiven Lernens ist in dem Element des a ¨ußeren Zuges der geschlossenen Gesellschaft verankert, wa ¨hrend ‘Kontinuita ¨t' und ‘dynamische Zusammenfassung der Kra ¨fte zum gleichen Zweck' gemeinsame Eigenschaften des Lernens und des kollektiven Lernens sind. Diese U¨berlegungen fu¨hren zu interessanten empirischen Fragen, die im empirischen Teil des Aufsatzes behandelt werden. Die empirische Analyse bescha ¨ftigt sich vorallem mit den folgenden Fragen: a)trifft es zu, daß kollektives Lernen nicht das Ergebnis ko-operativen Verhaltens ist, sondern das eines kollektiven Verhaltens? b) trifft es zu, daß kollektives Lernen der Weg fu¨r kleine und mittlere Unternehmen ist, am Orte neue scho ¨pferische Reserven anzuzapfen, die andere Arten des Lernens nicht ero¨ffnen? Die empirische Analyse stu¨tzt sich auf drei italienische, hoch technisierte Milieus. In diesem Teil des Aufsatzes werden deskriptive und interpretative statistische Methodiken benutzt.

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Article provided by Taylor and Francis Journals in its journal Regional Studies.

Volume (Year): 33 (1999)
Issue (Month): 4 (June)
Pages: 353-365
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Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:33:y:1999:i:4:p:353-365

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Keywords: Collective Learning High Technology Small And Medium Sized Enterprises Innovative Milieux Industrial Districts

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  1. Roberta Rabellotti, Hubert Schmitz, 1999. "The Internal Heterogeneity of Industrial Districts in Italy, Brazil and Mexico," Regional Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 33(2), pages 97-108, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Dosi, Giovanni, 1982. "Technological paradigms and technological trajectories : A suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 147-162, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  1. Elisa Giuliani & Martin Bell, 2004. "When Micro Shapes the Meso: Learning Networks in a Chilean Wine Cluster," SPRU Electronic Working Paper Series 115, University of Sussex, SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research. [Downloadable!]
  2. Gary A. S. Cook & Naresh R. Pandit & Jonathan V. Beaverstock & Peter J. Taylor & Kathy Pain, 2004. "The Clustering of Financial Services in London," ERSA conference papers ersa04p49, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
  3. Oerlemans, Leon A.G. & Meeus, Marius T.H., 2002. "Spatial embeddedness and firm performance: an empirical exploration of the effects of proximity on innovative and economic performance," ERSA conference papers ersa02p054, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
  4. Pieter Bruijn, 2003. "Spatial dimensions of cooperation aimed at innovation," ERSA conference papers ersa03p252, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
  5. Pace Giuseppe, 2004. "Policies For The Location Of Industrial Districts In Italy And," Urban/Regional 0403002, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  6. Marisa Cesário & Maria-Teresa Noronha Vaz, 2004. "Territory and entrepreneurial performance An exercise on some industrial Portuguese regions," ERSA conference papers ersa04p179, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
  7. Giuliani, Elisa, 2006. "The uneven and selective nature of cluster knowledge networks: evidence from the wine cluster," CIRCLE Electronic Working Paper Series 2006-11, CIRCLE (Centre for Innovation, Research and Competence in the Learning Economy), Lund University. [Downloadable!]
  8. Oerlemans, Leon A. G. & Boekema, Frans W. M. & Meeus, Marius T. H., 2000. "On The Spatial Embeddedness Of Innovation Networks: An Exploration Of The Proximity Effect," ERSA conference papers ersa00p57, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
  9. David Keeble, Frank Wilkinson, 1999. "Collective Learning and Knowledge Development in the Evolution of Regional Clusters of High Technology SMEs in Europe," Regional Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 33(4), pages 295-303, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Elisa Giuliani, 2005. "The Structure of Cluster Knowledge Networks: Uneven and Selective, not Pervasive and Collective," DRUID Working Papers 05-11, DRUID, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Industrial Economics and Strategy/Aalborg University, Department of Business Studies. [Downloadable!]
  11. Evert-Jan Visser & Oedzge Atzema, 2007. "Beyond clusters: Fostering innovation through a differentiated and combined network approach," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 0705, Utrecht University, Section of Economic Geography, revised Jun 2007. [Downloadable!]
  12. Paul Benneworth, 2002. "Creating new industries and service clusters on Tyneside," Local Economy, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 17(4), pages 313-327, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Raffaele Paci & Stefano Usai, 1999. "The role of specialisation and diversity externalities in the agglomeration of innovative activities," Working Paper CRENoS 199915, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia. [Downloadable!]
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  14. Andrea Morrison, 2005. "La capacità innovativa delle imprese distrettuali: una verifica empirica," Working Papers 95, SEMEQ Department - Faculty of Economics - University of Eastern Piedmont. [Downloadable!]
  15. Caniels, M.C.J. & Romijn, H.A., 2003. "What drives innovativeness in industrial clusters? Transcending the debate," ECIS Working Papers 03.04, Eindhoven Centre for Innovation Studies, Eindhoven University of Technology. [Downloadable!]
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  16. David P. Angel, 2002. "Inter-firm Collaboration and Technology Development Partnerships Within US Manufacturing Industries," Regional Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 36(4), pages 333-344, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Barbara Dettori & Raffaele Paci & Stefano Usai, 2005. "Technological activity in the european regions," Working Paper CRENoS 200513, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia. [Downloadable!]
  18. Clive Lawson, Edward Lorenz, 1999. "Collective Learning, Tacit Knowledge and Regional Innovative Capacity," Regional Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 33(4), pages 305-317, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  19. Paci, Raffaele & Usai, Stefano, 2000. "Externalities, Knowledge Spillovers And The Spatial Distribution Of Innovation," ERSA conference papers ersa00p104, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
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  20. Roberta Rabellotti & Anna Carabelli & Giovanna Hirsch, 2007. "Italian SMEs and industrial districts on the move: Where are they going?," Working Papers 115, SEMEQ Department - Faculty of Economics - University of Eastern Piedmont. [Downloadable!]
  21. Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés & Refolo, Cristina, 2000. "The Link Between Clusters Of Smes And Public And University Research In Italy," ERSA conference papers ersa00p326, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
  22. Alexandra Goudi & Dimitris Skuras & Kyriaki Tsegenidi, 2003. "Innovation and Business Performance in Rural and Peripheral Areas of Greece," ERSA conference papers ersa03p337, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
  23. Arnoud Lagendijk, 2006. "Learning from conceptual flow in regional studies: Framing present debates, unbracketing past debates," Regional Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 40(4), pages 385-399, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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