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External Debt and Capital Flight in the Indian Economy

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  • Niranjan Chipalkatti
  • Meenakshi Rishi

Abstract

This paper estimates Indian capital flight at US $88 billion (in 1997 dollars) over the 1971-97 period, a sum that is roughly 20% of the US $448 billion real external debt disbursed to the country over the same time period. There is also evidence of a strong year-to-year correlation between debt inflows and flight-capital outflows. The paper explores the nature of this association between capital flight and external debt in the Indian economy. An analysis by Boyce (1992, World Development, 20, pp. 335-349) for the Philippines revealed the presence of contemporaneous bi-directional causality, in other words, a financial revolving door relationship between external debt and capital flight in that economy. The research question addressed by this paper is whether such a financial revolving door relationship exists in India, given its higher level of external indebtedness and lower debt-to-GNP ratio as compared with the Philippines. Utilizing a simultaneous equation model to examine the association between capital flight and external debt in the Indian economy, the paper confirms the existence of a financial revolving door relationship between the two endogenous variables.

Suggested Citation

  • Niranjan Chipalkatti & Meenakshi Rishi, 2001. "External Debt and Capital Flight in the Indian Economy," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(1), pages 31-44.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:oxdevs:v:29:y:2001:i:1:p:31-44
    DOI: 10.1080/13600810124596
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cuddington, John T., 1987. "Capital flight ," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(1-2), pages 382-388.
    2. Carlos F. Diaz-Alejandro, 1984. "Latin American Debt: I Don't Think We Are in Kansas Anymore," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 15(2), pages 335-403.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bienvenido Ortega & Jesús Sanjuán & Antonio Casquero, 2019. "Illicit Financial Flows: Another Road Block to Human Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 142(3), pages 1231-1253, April.
    2. Christian NGUENA, 2014. "External Debt Origin, Capital Flight and Poverty Reduction in the Franc Zone: Does the Economic Consequences of Sino-African Relationship matter?," Research Africa Network Working Papers 14/016, Research Africa Network (RAN).
    3. Caraballo-Cueto Jose & Lara Juan, 2017. "Deindustrialization and Unsustainable Debt in Middle-Income Countries: The Case of Puerto Rico," Journal of Globalization and Development, De Gruyter, vol. 8(2), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Dachraoui, Hajer & Smida, Mounir & Sebri, Maamar, 2020. "Role of capital flight as a driver of sovereign bond spreads in Latin American countries," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 15-33.
    5. Madiha Bashir & Attiya Yasmin Javid, 2014. "Financial Flows, External Capital Structure, Institutions and Economic Growth in Asian Developing Economies," PIDE-Working Papers 2014:108, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    6. Ms. Sweta Chaman Saxena & Meenakshi Rishi & Ms. Valerie Cerra, 2005. "Robbing the Riches: Capital Flight, Institutions, and Instability," IMF Working Papers 2005/199, International Monetary Fund.
    7. Valerie Cerra & Meenakshi Rishi & Sweta Saxena, 2008. "Robbing the Riches: Capital Flight, Institutions and Debt," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(8), pages 1190-1213.
    8. Jean†Marie Gankou & Marius Bendoma & Moussé Ndoye Sow, 2016. "The Institutional Environment and the Link between Capital Flows and Capital Flight in Cameroon," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 28(S1), pages 65-87, April.
    9. Beja Jr., Edsel L., 2007. "Brothers in distress: Revolving capital flows of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(6), pages 904-914, December.
    10. Beja, Edsel Jr., 2007. "Capital Flight and Economic Performance," MPRA Paper 4885, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 12 Sep 2007.
    11. Chokri Zehri, 2017. "The Relaxing of Capital Controls and Rise of External Debt," American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Science Publications, vol. 9(4), pages 61-70, December.
    12. Demir, Firat, 2004. "A Failure Story: Politics and Financial Liberalization in Turkey, Revisiting the Revolving Door Hypothesis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 851-869, May.
    13. Lionel Effiom & Emmanuel Uche & Otei Asuquo Otei, 2021. "Asymmetric effects of capital flight on domestic investment in Nigeria: evidence from non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(10), pages 1-23, October.
    14. Heydari, Hassan & Jariani, Farzaneh, 2020. "Analyzing Effective Factors of Capital Outflow from the Middle East and North African Countries (MENA)," MPRA Paper 104547, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Joaquin, Vespignani L, 2008. "Capital flight, saving rate and the golden rule level of capital: policy recommendations for Latin America countries," MPRA Paper 43824, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Dec 2008.

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