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Heteroscedasticity Robust Panel Unit Root Tests

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  • Joakim Westerlund

Abstract

This article proposes new unit root tests for panels where the errors may be not only serial and/or cross-correlated, but also unconditionally heteroscedastic. Despite their generality, the test statistics are shown to be very simple to implement, requiring only minimal corrections and still the limiting distributions under the null hypothesis are completely free from nuisance parameters. Monte Carlo evidence is also provided to suggest that the new tests perform well in small samples, also when compared to some of the existing tests. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Suggested Citation

  • Joakim Westerlund, 2014. "Heteroscedasticity Robust Panel Unit Root Tests," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(1), pages 112-135, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jnlbes:v:32:y:2014:i:1:p:112-135
    DOI: 10.1080/07350015.2013.857612
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brendan K. Beare, 2018. "Unit Root Testing with Unstable Volatility," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(6), pages 816-835, November.
    2. Brandan K. Beare, 2008. "Unit Root Testing with Unstable Volatility," Economics Series Working Papers 2008-WO6, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
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    Cited by:

    1. Helmut Herwartz & Simone Maxand & Yabibal M. Walle, 2019. "Heteroskedasticity‐Robust Unit Root Testing for Trending Panels," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(5), pages 649-664, September.
    2. Joakim Westerlund, 2016. "An IV Test for a Unit Root in Generally Trending and Correlated Panels," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 78(5), pages 752-764, October.
    3. Matei Demetrescu & Christoph Hanck & Robinson Kruse, 2016. "Fixed-b Inference in the Presence of Time-Varying Volatility," CREATES Research Papers 2016-01, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    4. Norkutė, Milda & Westerlund, Joakim, 2021. "The factor analytical approach in near unit root interactive effects panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 221(2), pages 569-590.
    5. Helmut Herwartz & Yabibal M. Walle, 2018. "A powerful wild bootstrap diagnosis of panel unit roots under linear trends and time-varying volatility," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 33(1), pages 379-411, March.
    6. Yiannis Karavias & Elias Tzavalis, 2014. "Testing for unit roots in panels with structural changes, spatial and temporal dependence when the time dimension is finite," Discussion Papers 14/03, University of Nottingham, Granger Centre for Time Series Econometrics.
    7. Islam, Md. Rabiul & Madsen, Jakob B., 2015. "Is income inequality persistent? Evidence using panel stationarity tests, 1870–2011," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 17-19.
    8. Hanck, Christoph & Demetrescu, Matei & Kruse, Robinson, 2015. "Fixed-b Asymptotics for t-Statistics in the Presence of Time-Varying Volatility," VfS Annual Conference 2015 (Muenster): Economic Development - Theory and Policy 112916, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    9. Demetrescu, Matei & Kruse, Robinson, 2015. "Testing heteroskedastic time series for normality," VfS Annual Conference 2015 (Muenster): Economic Development - Theory and Policy 113221, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    10. Xie, Zixiong & Chen, Shyh-Wei, 2019. "Exchange rates and fundamentals: A bootstrap panel data analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 209-224.

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