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Clusters versus Cluster Initiatives, with Focus on the ICT Sector in Poland

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  • Arkadiusz Michal Kowalski
  • Andrzej Marcinkowski

Abstract

The article focuses on the topic of clustering, which has become a popular concept, both from the academic and political perspective, and as an efficient business model. The distinction between clusters, understood as geographical concentrations of specific industries, and cluster initiatives, understood as more formalized actions undertaken by regional actors, is proposed. The primary objective of this study is to verify if these two types of structures are overlapping each other. This problem arises because the motivation for forming some cluster initiatives may be different economic policy instruments rather than existing market potential of a specific regional economy. The study finds that not all of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) cluster initiatives in Poland represent real concentration of ICT-related divisions included in statistical classification of economic activities in the European community Rev. 2 classification, as measured by location quotients (LQs) for indicators on employment, firms' incomes and number of enterprises. However, there is a visible pattern that the LQs are higher in smaller geographic areas (NUTS 4 (Nomenclature of units for territorial statistics)), which usually represent big cities, being the cores of cluster initiatives. The study also discusses the phenomenon of the internationalization of clusters and the value added to that process from forming formalized cluster initiatives, which create favourable institutional framework for transborder cooperation.

Suggested Citation

  • Arkadiusz Michal Kowalski & Andrzej Marcinkowski, 2014. "Clusters versus Cluster Initiatives, with Focus on the ICT Sector in Poland," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 20-45, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurpls:v:22:y:2014:i:1:p:20-45
    DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2012.731040
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    Cited by:

    1. Yantai Chen & Jing Li & Ruoying Li, 2021. "Cluster Internationalization: Qualitative Review, Theoretical Direction, and the Rise of Emerging Markets’ Themes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-26, September.
    2. Evgeniya Lupova-Henry & Sam Blili & Cinzia Dal Zotto, 2021. "Clusters as institutional entrepreneurs: lessons from Russia," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-27, December.
    3. Youwei Tan & Zhihui Gu & Yu Chen & Jiayun Li, 2022. "Industry Linkage and Spatial Co-Evolution Characteristics of Industrial Clusters Based on Natural Semantics—Taking the Electronic Information Industry Cluster in the Pearl River Delta as an Example," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Grumadaitė Kristina & Jucevičius Giedrius, 2017. "Preconditions for Emergence of Lithuanian Clusters: from Informal Cooperation to Its Legitimation," Management of Organizations: Systematic Research, Sciendo, vol. 77(1), pages 37-56, June.
    5. Shuju Hu & Wei Song & Chenggu Li & Charlie H. Zhang, 2019. "The Evolution of Industrial Agglomerations and Specialization in the Yangtze River Delta from 1990–2018: An Analysis Based on Firm-Level Big Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-21, October.
    6. Ren Lu & Torger Reve & Jing Huang & Ze Jian & Mei Chen, 2018. "A Literature Review Of Cluster Theory: Are Relations Among Clusters Important?," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 1201-1220, September.

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