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Open Innovation and Regional Culture—Findings from Different Industrial and Regional Settings

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  • Franz Tödtling
  • Peter Prud'homme van Reine
  • Steffen Dörhöfer

Abstract

The concept of open innovation, building upon ideas of “interactive innovation” and “innovation networking” has gained interest more recently. It argues that companies should increasingly also rely on ideas and knowledge developed externally, and create external paths for innovation. There are various mechanisms used by companies for acquiring external knowledge such as R&D and innovation collaboration with other firms and universities, relations to spin-off companies, and informal knowledge interactions within local milieux and “open innovation campuses”. Open innovation and networking are no general phenomena but depend on certain company and regional characteristics such as the respective innovation culture. The interrelationship between open innovation and regional culture has been explored by studies on regional advantage emphasizing socio-cultural aspects of opening up innovation, the literature on regional clusters, emphasizing knowledge sharing in networks, and the contributions to regional innovation systems, emphasizing the role of the institutional environment. We investigate examples of open innovation for different regions of Europe including high-tech and low-tech industries: The Southeast region of The Netherlands (high-tech systems centred on Philips and performance materials centred on DSM), Basel (Life Science industry focused on Novartis and other firms) and Styria (metal industry). We analyse the ways and mechanisms at work for open innovation, and the way these are related to regional culture. We find that open innovation strategies of companies benefit from certain regional culture characteristics and that there is no uniform “model of open innovation that applies to all types of regions”. Region-specific solutions and policies are required that account for divergent regional conditions. The research shows that we rarely find the ideal model of “uncontrolled” open innovation, but rather different forms of innovation practices that are somewhere in between the open and the closed model. Both corporate cultures and regional cultures in the regions studied still show many aspects hampering open innovation, underlining that change towards a culture facilitating open innovation takes considerable time.

Suggested Citation

  • Franz Tödtling & Peter Prud'homme van Reine & Steffen Dörhöfer, 2011. "Open Innovation and Regional Culture—Findings from Different Industrial and Regional Settings," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(11), pages 1885-1907, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurpls:v:19:y:2011:i:11:p:1885-1907
    DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2011.618688
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Li-Wei Wu & Chen-Yu Lin, 2018. "Innovation Benefited by Relationship Learning," International Journal of Business and Economics, School of Management Development, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, vol. 17(1), pages 55-72, June.
    2. Aurora A.C. Teixeira & Marlene Grande, 2013. "Determinants of the economic performance of Portuguese Academic Spin-offs: do Science & Technology infrastructures and support matter?," FEP Working Papers 502, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
    3. Lindomar Subtil Oliveira & Márcia E. Soares Echeveste & Marcelo Nogueira Cortimiglia & Aline C. Gularte, 2019. "Open Innovation in Regional Innovation Systems: Assessment of Critical Success Factors for Implementation in SMEs," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 10(4), pages 1597-1619, December.
    4. Vlaisavljevic, Vesna & Medina, Carmen Cabello & Van Looy, Bart, 2020. "The role of policies and the contribution of cluster agency in the development of biotech open innovation ecosystem," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    5. Marcin Baron, 2021. "Open Innovation Capacity of the Polish Universities," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 12(1), pages 73-95, March.
    6. Natália Barbosa & Ana Paula Faria, 2023. "Science and productivity in European Firms: How do regional innovation modes matter?," GEE Papers 0175, Gabinete de Estratégia e Estudos, Ministério da Economia, revised Jul 2023.
    7. Chan, Alex W.H. & Cheung, Hoi Yan, 2016. "Extraversion, individualism and M&A activities," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 356-369.
    8. Adrián Kovács & Bart Looy & Bruno Cassiman, 2015. "Exploring the scope of open innovation: a bibliometric review of a decade of research," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 104(3), pages 951-983, September.
    9. M. Muzamil Naqshbandi, 2018. "Organizational Characteristics and Engagement in Open Innovation: Is There a Link?," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 19(3_suppl), pages 1-20, June.
    10. Ng, Wei Keat Benny & Appel-Meulenbroek, Rianne & Cloodt, Myriam & Arentze, Theo, 2021. "Perceptual measures of science parks: Tenant firms’ associations between science park attributes and benefits," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    11. Roberto Antonietti & Francesca Gambarotto, 2020. "The role of industry variety in the creation of innovative start-ups in Italy," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 561-573, February.

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