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Comparing Patterns of Industrial Interdependence in National Systems of Innovation - A Study of Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan and the United States

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  • Ina Drejer

Abstract

This paper presents a quantitatively based method for comparing the structure of National Systems of Innovation (NSI). The emphasis is on technological interdependencies at the industrial level in Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. The mapping of the interdependencies, based on input-output tables, builds on a graph theoretical model (a minimal flow analysis). R&D expenses are used as the technology indicator. The NSI framework is taken as the point of departure. It is claimed that 'history matters', through relating historical descriptions and analyses of industrialization processes to the findings of structural analyses of R&D interdependencies within the NSIs. The paper shows that the national systems tend to cluster in two main 'bulks'. One is centred around industrial chemicals and/or pharmaceuticals, and the other is centred around communication equipment, electronics etc. In most cases these clusters do not appear to be closely technologically related through embodied R&D flows, i.e. it seems appropriate to assume that two distinct technology bases are at play.

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  • Ina Drejer, 2000. "Comparing Patterns of Industrial Interdependence in National Systems of Innovation - A Study of Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan and the United States," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(3), pages 377-399.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:12:y:2000:i:3:p:377-399
    DOI: 10.1080/09535310050120943
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Agnieszka Gehringer, 2011. "Pecuniary Knowledge Externalities across European Countries—Are there Leading Sectors?," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(4), pages 415-436.
    2. Sikhanwita Roy & Tuhin Das & Debesh Chakraborty, 2002. "A Study on the Indian Information Sector: An Experiment with Input-Output Techniques," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(2), pages 107-129, June.
    3. Fan, Xiao-mei & Liu, Hong-guang, 2021. "Global supply chain shifting: A macro sense of production relocation based on multi-regional input-output table," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 672-680.
    4. Martin Labaj, 2011. "Qualitative input-output analysis and national innovation system in Slovakia," International Journal of Transitions and Innovation Systems, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 1(2), pages 105-116.
    5. Streb, Jochen, 2003. "Shaping the national system of inter-industry knowledge exchange: Vertical integration, licensing and repeated knowledge transfer in the German plastics industry," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 1125-1140, June.
    6. Portnov, Boris A., 2005. "Development similarities in urban clusters: Evidence from a spatial analysis of Israel's urban system," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 287-306, December.
    7. Dachs, Bernhard & Peters, Bettina, 2014. "Innovation, employment growth, and foreign ownership of firms," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 214-232.
    8. Boris A. Portnov, 2005. "Development similarity based on proximity - a case study of urban clusters in Canada," ERSA conference papers ersa05p137, European Regional Science Association.
    9. Alain Alcouffe, 2001. "National Innovation Systems and Industry Science Relationships in Europe," Post-Print hal-02105202, HAL.
    10. Guan, Jiancheng & Chen, Zifeng, 2009. "The technological system of Chinese manufacturing industry: A sectorial approach," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 767-776, December.
    11. Giovanni Cerulli & Bianca Poti`, 2009. "Measuring Intersectoral Knowledge Spillovers: An Application Of Sensitivity Analysis To Italy," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(4), pages 409-436.
    12. Mirko Titze & Matthias Brachert & Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, 2011. "Mapping Local and Regional Potentials for Inter-sectoral Technology Flows in Industrial Clusters – Empirical Results for Germany," ERSA conference papers ersa11p660, European Regional Science Association.
    13. Alex R. Hoen, 2002. "Identifying Linkages with a Cluster-based Methodology," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(2), pages 131-146, June.
    14. Camacho, José A. & Rodríguez, M., 2005. "Los esfuerzos tecnológicos en el sistema productivo español: evaluación y comparación con otros países europeos/Technological efforts in the Spanish production system. Aassessment and comparison with ," Estudios de Economia Aplicada, Estudios de Economia Aplicada, vol. 23, pages 621-636, Diciembre.
    15. George E. Halkos & Kyriaki D. Tsilika, 2018. "A New Vision of Classical Multi-regional Input–Output Models," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 51(3), pages 571-594, March.

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