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Macro-economic and Sectoral Effects of Carbon Taxes: A General Equilibrium Analysis for China

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  • Zhongxiang Zhang

Abstract

This paper analyzes the macro-economic and sectoral effects of carbon taxes imposed to achieve predefined carbon dioxide (CO2) emission targets for China, by using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the Chinese economy. Following a brief introduction of the model, the baseline scenario for the Chinese economy until 2010 is developed under a set of assumptions about the exogenous variables. Next, the paper analyzes the economic implications of two less restrictive scenarios under which China's CO2 emissions in 2010 are cut by 20% and 30%, respectively, relative to the baseline, assuming that carbon tax revenues are retained by the government. Then, the efficiency improvements are computed for four indirect tax-offset scenarios relative to the two tax-retention scenarios already considered. The paper ends with some remarks on constructing a social accounting matrix for China and suggestions for further work to enrich the policy relevance of this study.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhongxiang Zhang, 1998. "Macro-economic and Sectoral Effects of Carbon Taxes: A General Equilibrium Analysis for China," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(2), pages 135-159.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:10:y:1998:i:2:p:135-159
    DOI: 10.1080/09535319808565471
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    8. ZhongXiang Zhang & Henk Folmer, 1995. "The choice of policy instruments for the control of carbon dioxide emissions," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics;Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), vol. 30(3), pages 133-142, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alberto Gago & Xavier Labandeira & Xiral López Otero, 2014. "A Panorama on Energy Taxes and Green Tax Reforms," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 208(1), pages 145-190, March.
    2. Zhang, Zhong Xiang, 2001. "Why has the energy intensity fallen in China's industrial sector in the 1990s?: the relative importance of structural change and intensity change," CDS Research Reports 200111, University of Groningen, Centre for Development Studies (CDS).
    3. Galindo, Luis Miguel & Beltrán, Allan & Ferrer, Jimy & Alatorre, José Eduardo, 2017. "Efectos potenciales de un impuesto al carbono sobre el producto interno bruto en los países de América Latina: estimaciones preliminares e hipotéticas a partir de un metaanálisis y una función de tran," Documentos de Proyectos 41867, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    4. Tarancon, Miguel Angel & Del Río, Pablo, 2012. "Assessing energy-related CO2 emissions with sensitivity analysis and input-output techniques," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 161-170.
    5. Lecca, Patrizio & Swales, Kim & Turner, Karen, 2011. "An investigation of issues relating to where energy should enter the production function," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 2832-2841.
    6. Christian Lutz, 2000. "NO x Emissions and the Use of Advanced Pollution Abatement Techniques in West Germany," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(3), pages 305-318.
    7. Siriwardana, Mahinda & Meng, Sam & McNeill, Judith, 2013. "Border Adjustments under Unilateral Carbon Pricing: Are they Warranted in the Case of Australian Carbon Tax?," Conference papers 332357, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    8. Meng, Sam & Siriwardana, Mahinda & McNeill, Judith & Nelson, Tim, 2018. "The impact of an ETS on the Australian energy sector: An integrated CGE and electricity modelling approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 213-224.
    9. Jorge Alarcon & Jan Van Heemst & Niek De Jong, 2000. "Extending the SAM with Social and Environmental Indicators: An Application to Bolivia," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(4), pages 473-496.
    10. Rueda-Cantuche, José M. & Amores, Antonio F., 2010. "Consistent and unbiased carbon dioxide emission multipliers: Performance of Danish emission reductions via external trade," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(5), pages 988-998, March.
    11. Masoud Yahoo & Jamal Othman, 2017. "Carbon and energy taxation for CO2 mitigation: a CGE model of the Malaysia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 239-262, February.
    12. Mahinda Siriwardana & Sam Meng & Judith McNeill, 2017. "Border adjustments under unilateral carbon pricing: the case of Australian carbon tax," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 6(1), pages 1-21, December.
    13. Zhang, ZhongXiang, 2000. "Can China afford to commit itself an emissions cap? An economic and political analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(6), pages 587-614, December.
    14. Sam Meng & Mahinda Siriwardana & Judith McNeill, 2014. "The Impact of the Australian Carbon Tax on Industries and Households," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 8(1), pages 15-37, February.
    15. Sam Meng & Tien Pham, 2017. "The impact of the Australian carbon tax on the tourism industry," Tourism Economics, , vol. 23(3), pages 506-522, May.
    16. Sam Meng & Mahinda Siriwardana & Judith McNeill, 2013. "The Environmental and Economic Impact of the Carbon Tax in Australia," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 54(3), pages 313-332, March.
    17. Levent Aydın, 2018. "The possible macroeconomic and sectoral impacts of carbon taxation on Turkey’s economy: A computable general equilibrium analyses," Energy & Environment, , vol. 29(5), pages 784-801, August.
    18. Meng, Xianming & Siriwardana, Mahinda & McNeill, Judith, 2015. "Will the direct action plan work?," Conference papers 332602, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
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    20. Samuel Meng, 2015. "Is the agricultural industry spared from the influence of the Australian carbon tax?," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 46(1), pages 125-137, January.
    21. Xu, Zhongmin & Cheng, Guodong & Chen, Dongjin & Templet, Paul H., 2002. "Economic diversity, development capacity and sustainable development of China," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 369-378, March.

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