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Defense Spending and Economic Growth: Some Empirical Evidence from the Arab Gulf Region

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  • Yousif Khalifa Al-Yousif

Abstract

The present paper investigates the causal relationship between defense spending and economic growth in six Gulf countries for the period 1975-1998. I use Granger-causality test within a multivariate error-correction framework to explore the existence and direction of causality between these two variables. The empirical results indicate that neither growth nor defense can be considered exogenous and that the relationship between them cannot be generalized across countries. Two implications can be derived from these findings. One is the need for more studies, especially from developing countries, using time-series data. The other is that decisions on defense spending should be based on each country's socio-economic circumstances. Given the small sample size, however, caution is advised in considering the above results and their implications as final.

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  • Yousif Khalifa Al-Yousif, 2002. "Defense Spending and Economic Growth: Some Empirical Evidence from the Arab Gulf Region," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(3), pages 187-197.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:defpea:v:13:y:2002:i:3:p:187-197
    DOI: 10.1080/10242690210977
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    Cited by:

    1. Lemmens, A. & Croux, C. & Dekimpe, M.G., 2004. "Decomposing Granger Causality over the Spectrum," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2004-102-MKT, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    2. Habibullah, M.S. & Law, Siong-Hook & Dayang-Afizzah, A.M., 2008. "Defense spending and economic growth in Asian economies: A panel error-correction approach," MPRA Paper 12105, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Muhammad Shahbaz & Naceur Khraief & Mantu Kumar Mahalik & Saleheen Khan, 2018. "Are Fluctuations in Military Spending Transitory or Permanent? International Evidence," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 38(2), pages 1198-1212.
    4. Charles Shaaba Saba & Nicholas Ngepah, 2022. "Nexus between defence spending, economic growth and development: evidence from a disaggregated panel data analysis," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 109-151, February.
    5. Lemmens, Aurélie & Croux, Christophe & Dekimpe, Marnik G., 2008. "Measuring and testing Granger causality over the spectrum: An application to European production expectation surveys," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 414-431.
    6. Posma Sariguna Johnson Kennedy, 2022. "Is There Competition in Budget Policy of Education and Defense in Indonesia?," International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 8(2), pages 58-62, 06-2022.
    7. Ming Zhong & Tsangyao Chang & Samrat Goswami & Rangan Gupta & Tien-Wei Lou, 2017. "The nexus between military expenditures and economic growth in the BRICS and the US: an empirical note," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(5), pages 609-620, September.
    8. Bassam AbuAl-Foul, "undated". "Military Spending and Economic Growth: Evidence from Jordan," Economics Working Papers 19-04/2014, School of Business Administration, American University of Sharjah.
    9. Ming Zhong & Tsangyao Chang & Samrat Goswami & Rangan Gupta, 2014. "The Nexus between Military Expenditures and Economic Growth in the BRICS and the US: A Bootstrap Panel Causality Test," Working Papers 201449, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    10. Serkan K n & Serta Hopo lu & G rkan Bozma, 2016. "Conflict, Defense Spending and Economic Growth in the Middle East: A Panel Data Analysis," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(1), pages 80-86.
    11. Jones Danquah & Daniel Sarpong & Ari Pappinen, 2013. "Causal relationships between African mahoganies exports and deforestation in Ghana: policy implications," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 51-66, February.
    12. M.T. Hirnissa & Muzafar Habibullah & A.H. Baharom, 2009. "Defense Spending and Income Inequality: Evidence from Selected Asian Countries," Modern Applied Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 3(5), pages 1-96, May.
    13. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Khraief, Naceur & Kumar Mahalik, Mantu & Khan, Saleheen, 2018. "Military Spending Response to Defense Shocks? International Evidence," MPRA Paper 87362, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 12 Jun 2018.
    14. Chien-Chiang Lee & Sheng-Tung Chen, 2007. "Do Defence Expenditures Spur Gdp? A Panel Analysis From Oecd And Non-Oecd Countries," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(3), pages 265-280.

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