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Panel estimates of the earnings gap in Norway: do female immigrants experience a double earnings penalty?

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  • John Hayfron

Abstract

This study explores the possibility that being both a 'female' and an 'immigrant' will impose an earnings disadvantage on immigrant women in Norway. Well-known techniques are used to decompose the earnings gap between Norwegian men and immigrant women into portions attributable to productivity differentials, portions attributable to a gender effect, and portions attributable to an ethnic effect. The analysis supports the following conclusions: First, there is evidence of a double negative effect on female immigrant earnings. Second, gender effect is more important than ethnic effect. Finally, the discrimination estimates are robust to the alternative methods used in decomposing Norwegian men-immigrant women earnings gap.

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  • John Hayfron, 2002. "Panel estimates of the earnings gap in Norway: do female immigrants experience a double earnings penalty?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(11), pages 1441-1452.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:34:y:2002:i:11:p:1441-1452
    DOI: 10.1080/00036840110101429
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Longva, P. & Raaum, O., 1998. "Unemployment and Relative Earnings of Immigrants," Memorandum 1998_002, Oslo University, Department of Economics.
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    1. repec:eid:wpaper:08/10 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. George Messinis, 2009. "Earnings and Languages in the Family: Second-Generation Australians," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 85(s1), pages 59-73, September.
    3. Derek Hum & Wayne Simpson, 2007. "The legacy of immigration: labour market performance and education in the second generation," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(15), pages 1985-2009.
    4. O B Bodvarsson & John Sessions, 2010. "Nationality Discrimination in the Labor Market: Theory and Test," Department of Economics Working Papers 08/10, University of Bath, Department of Economics.
    5. Lee, Taehoon & Peri, Giovanni & Viarengo, Martina, 2022. "The gender aspect of migrants’ assimilation in Europe," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    6. Catia Nicodemo & Raul Ramos, 2012. "Wage differentials between native and immigrant women in Spain," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 33(1), pages 118-136, March.
    7. Daniela Piazzalunga, 2015. "Is There a Double-Negative Effect? Gender and Ethnic Wage Differentials in Italy," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 29(3), pages 243-269, September.
    8. Schieckoff, Bentley & Sprengholz, Maximilian, 2021. "The labor market integration of immigrant women in Europe: context, theory and evidence," Working Papers 02, University of Konstanz, Cluster of Excellence "The Politics of Inequality. Perceptions, Participation and Policies".
    9. Yue Ma & Ying Chu Ng, 2008. "Bootstrapping statistical inferences of decomposition methods for gender earnings differentials," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(12), pages 1583-1593.
    10. Elisa Rose Birch & Paul W. Miller, 2006. "How Does Marriage Affect the Wages of Men in Australia?," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 82(257), pages 150-164, June.

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