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Does consumer debt cause economic recession? Evidence using directed acyclic graphs

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Author Info
Jin Zhang
David A. Bessler
David J. Leatham

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Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between consumer debt and aggregate economic activity based on time series methods and directed acyclic graphs (DAG). Quarterly US data, measured over the period 1980 to 2003, on consumer debt, gross domestic product (GDP), interest rates, housing starts, and domestic auto sales, are analysed in an Error Correction Model (ECM). Contemporaneous innovations from this ECM are given a structural representation, using recent developments in DAG modelling. The ECM and DAG components are summarized using innovation accounting techniques (impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition). The DAG causal pattern reveals a causal flow from GDP to consumer debt; the subsequent innovation accounting results also show that consumer debt is not exogenous in contrast to GDP and other indicators. This result concurs with a previous study based on Granger causality, but contradicts other works that claim consumer debt is a root cause of aggregate economic performance.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Taylor and Francis Journals in its journal Applied Economics Letters.

Volume (Year): 13 (2006)
Issue (Month): 7 (June)
Pages: 401-407
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Handle: RePEc:taf:apeclt:v:13:y:2006:i:7:p:401-407

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  1. Norman R. Swanson & C. W.J. Granger, 1992. "Impulse Response Functions Based on a Causal Approach to Residual Orthogonalizaton in Vector Autoregressions," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 92-50, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
  2. C. Alan Garner, 1996. "Can measures of the consumer debt burden reliably predict an economic slowdown?," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, issue Q IV, pages 63-76. [Downloadable!]
  3. Selva Demiralp & Kevin D. Hoover, 2003. "Searching for the Causal Structure of a Vector Autoregression," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 65(s1), pages 745-767, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Bessler, David A. & Yang, Jian, 2003. "The structure of interdependence in international stock markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 261-287, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. K.J. Kowalewski, 1986. "Is the consumer overextended?," Economic Commentary, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, issue Nov 15.
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