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Coasts: the high-risk areas of the world

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  • Wolfgang Kron

Abstract

No other region is more threatened by natural perils than coasts. Fierce winds, storm surges, large waves and tsunamis expend their destructive energy when they reach the coastline. Constituting, in many cases, the boundary between continental plates, coasts experience earthquakes and volcanic eruptions more frequently. The changing climate poses the threat of sea level rise. Most global trade crosses the oceans; ports are the entry and exit points of a nation’s trade. As a consequence, coasts attract people, businesses and industries. Some coastal regions rank among the top places in the world in terms of population and value accumulation. Enormous catastrophe loss potentials have been created and are increasing. Risk is the result of a natural hazard, the values at risk and their vulnerability. Living with and reducing the risk requires awareness at all levels of society and partnership between the public authorities, the people and enterprises concerned, and the financial sector. Great natural events are not avoidable, great disasters are. Catastrophes are not only products of chance but also the outcome of the interaction between political, financial, social, technical and natural circumstances. Effective safeguards are both achievable and indispensable, but they will never provide complete protection. In order to manage the risks faced by a society, we have to be aware of that. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Wolfgang Kron, 2013. "Coasts: the high-risk areas of the world," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 66(3), pages 1363-1382, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:66:y:2013:i:3:p:1363-1382
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0215-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. R. J. Nicholls & S. Hanson & Celine Herweijer & Nicola Patmore & Stéphane Hallegatte & Jan Corfee-Morlot & Jean Château & Robert Muir-Wood, 2008. "Ranking Port Cities with High Exposure and Vulnerability to Climate Extremes: Exposure Estimates," OECD Environment Working Papers 1, OECD Publishing.
    2. Eric Neumayer & Fabian Barthel, 2010. "Normalizing economic loss from natural disasters: a global analysis," GRI Working Papers 31, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
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    1. Matthew Wadey & Sally Brown & Robert J. Nicholls & Ivan Haigh, 2017. "Coastal flooding in the Maldives: an assessment of historic events and their implications," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 89(1), pages 131-159, October.
    2. Martins Fernando L.C. & Giordano Fabio & Barrella Walter, 2021. "Socio-Environmental Vulnerability of Water in the Estuary of the Metropolitan Region of Santos (Brazil)," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 40(4), pages 113-125, December.
    3. Xinyu Fu & Jie Song, 2017. "Assessing the Economic Costs of Sea Level Rise and Benefits of Coastal Protection: A Spatiotemporal Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-14, August.
    4. Visbeck, Martin & Kronfeld-Goharani, Ulrike & Neumann, Barbara & Rickels, Wilfried & Schmidt, Jörn & van Doorn, Erik & Matz-Lück, Nele & Ott, Konrad & Quaas, Martin F., 2014. "Securing blue wealth: The need for a special sustainable development goal for the ocean and coasts," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 184-191.
    5. Karen C. Pazini & Jarbas Bonetti & Paula Gomes Silva & Antonio Henrique Fontoura Klein, 2022. "Spotting areas critical to storm waves and surge impacts on coasts with data scarcity: a case study in Santa Catarina, Brazil," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 112(3), pages 2493-2521, July.
    6. Caridad Ballesteros & José A. Jiménez & Christophe Viavattene, 2018. "A multi-component flood risk assessment in the Maresme coast (NW Mediterranean)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 90(1), pages 265-292, January.
    7. Shubham Kumar & Preet Lal & Amit Kumar, 2020. "Turbulence of tropical cyclone ‘Fani’ in the Bay of Bengal and Indian subcontinent," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(1), pages 1613-1622, August.
    8. Jan-Ludolf Merkens & Athanasios T. Vafeidis, 2018. "Using Information on Settlement Patterns to Improve the Spatial Distribution of Population in Coastal Impact Assessments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-19, September.
    9. Grant Smith & Nover Juria, 2019. "Diagnosis of historical inundation events in the Marshall Islands to assist early warning systems," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 99(1), pages 189-216, October.
    10. Reguero, Borja G. & Beck, Michael W. & Schmid, David & Stadtmüller, Daniel & Raepple, Justus & Schüssele, Stefan & Pfliegner, Kerstin, 2020. "Financing coastal resilience by combining nature-based risk reduction with insurance," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    11. Salvatore F. Pileggi & Marius Indorf & Ayman Nagi & Wolfgang Kersten, 2020. "CoRiMaS—An Ontological Approach to Cooperative Risk Management in Seaports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-23, June.

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