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Barefoot and in a German kitchen: Federal parental leave and benefit policy and the return to work after childbirth in Germany

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Author Info
C. Katharina Spiess (Center for Policy Research, Syracuse University, 426 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-3114, USA)
Jan Ondrich (Department of Economics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-3114, USA)
Qing Yang (Department of Economics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-3114, USA)

Additional information is available for the following registered author(s):

Abstract

Since 1979 German federal maternity leave and benefit policy has given women incentives to stay at home and take care of their newborn and youngest children. In 1986 this leave and benefit policy was changed in several ways, turning it into a powerful instrument for delaying mothers` return to work after childbirth. Using a flexible duration dependence estimation technique for proportional hazards due to Prentice and Gloeckler (1978) and applied to grouped durations by Meyer (1987, 1990), we estimate post childbirth return to work hazards for women during the federally protected leave protection period and immediately upon completion of this leave period. During the leave mothers are less likely to return to work the longer is the time left in the leave protection period; however, this result cannot be attributed generally to high levels of maternity benefits. When the leave protection period ends, mothers with strong labor force attachment who are still on leave return to their jobs.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Springer in its journal Journal of Population Economics.

Volume (Year): 9 (1996)
Issue (Month): 3 ()
Pages: 247-266
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Handle: RePEc:spr:jopoec:v:9:y:1996:i:3:p:247-266

Note: Received August 30, 1995 / Accepted June 18, 1996
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Related research
Keywords: Maternity leave · childbirth · labor force participation;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

Cited by:
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  1. Eileen Trzcinski, 2006. "Integration of immigrant mothers in Germany: policy issues and empirical outcomes," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer, vol. 25(5), pages 489-512, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Dorothea Alewell, Kerstin Pull, 2001. "An Internatioal Comparison and Assessment of Maternity Leave Regulation," Working Paper Series A 2001-02, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät. [Downloadable!]
  3. Bergemann, Annette & Riphahn, Regina T., 2009. "Female labor supply and parental leave benefits – the causal effect of paying higher transfers for a shorter period of time," Working Paper Series 2009:5, IFAU - Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Jan Dirk Vlasblom & Joop J. Schippers, 2003. "The dynamics of female employment around childbirth," Working Papers 03-10, Utrecht School of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  5. Mette Ejrnæs & Astrid Kunze, 2002. "Wage dips and drops around the first birth," 10th International Conference on Panel Data, Berlin, July 5-6, 2002 C2-4, International Conferences on Panel Data. [Downloadable!]
  6. Maria Gutierrez-Domenech, 2002. "Employment Penalty After Motherhood In Spain," CEP Discussion Papers dp0546, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE. [Downloadable!]
  7. C. Spiess & Katharina Wrohlich, 2008. "The Parental Leave Benefit Reform in Germany: Costs and Labour Market Outcomes of Moving towards the Nordic Model," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer, vol. 27(5), pages 575-591, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Magdalena Muszynska, 2004. "Employment after childbearing: a comparative study of Italy and Norway," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2004-030, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  9. Yannis Georgellis & Howard J. Wall, 2004. "Gender differences in self-employment," Working Papers 1999-008, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  10. Esther Geisler & Michaela Kreyenfeld, 2009. "Against all odds: fathers’ use of parental leave in Germany," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2009-010, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  11. Waldfogel, Jane, 1998. "Understanding the "Family Gap" in Pay for Women with Children," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 12(1), pages 137-56, Winter. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Weber, Andrea Maria, 2004. "Wann kehren junge Mütter auf den Arbeitsmarkt zurück? : Eine Verweildaueranalyse für Deutschland," ZEW Discussion Papers 04-08, ZEW - Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung / Center for European Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  13. Jérôme de Henau & Danièle Meulders & Sile O'Dorchai, 2006. "The comparative effectiveness of public policies to fight motherhood-induced employment penalties and decreasing fertility in the former eu-15," Working Papers DULBEA 06-02.RS, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Applied Economics (DULBEA). [Downloadable!]
  14. Helen Russell & Brendan Halpin & Mattias Strandh & Andrea Zielfe, 2006. "Comparing the Labour Market Effects of Childbirth in Ireland, Sweden, the UK and Germany," Papers WP170, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI). [Downloadable!]
  15. Stefan Bender & Annette Kohlmann & Stefan Lang, 2003. "Women, work, and motherhood: changing employment penalties for motherhood in West Germany after 1945 - a comparative analysis of cohorts born in 1934-1971," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2003-006, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  16. Marit Rønsen and Marianne Sundström, 1999. "Public Policies and the Employment Dynamics among new Mothers – A Comparison of Finland, Norway and Sweden," Discussion Papers 263, Research Department of Statistics Norway. [Downloadable!]
  17. C. Katharina Spiess & Katharina Wrohlich, 2006. "The Parental Leave Benefit Reform in Germany: Costs and Labour Market Outcomes of Moving towards the Scandinavian Model," IZA Discussion Papers 2372, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  18. Maria Gutierrez-Domenech, 2003. "Employment After Motherhood: A European Comparison," CEP Discussion Papers dp0567, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE. [Downloadable!]
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