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The heterogeneous impact of pension income on elderly living arrangements: evidence from China’s new rural pension scheme

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Listed:
  • Lingguo Cheng

    (Nanjing University)

  • Hong Liu

    (Central University of Finance and Economics)

  • Ye Zhang

    (Nanjing University)

  • Zhong Zhao

    (Renmin University of China)

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of pension income on living arrangements of the elderly. Taking advantage of a unique opportunity due to the recent establishment and expansion of the New Rural Pension Scheme in China, we explicitly address the endogeneity of pension status and pension income through a fixed-effect model with instrumental variable approach by exploiting exogenous time variation in the program implementation at county level. We find an overall positive effect of pension income on independent living as well as considerable heterogeneity. The positive income effects of the NRPS are concentrated among the elderly with adult children living nearby, of higher socio-economic status, and with better health at baseline; for other groups, the effects are insignificant. We also find that more generous programs exhibit larger effects. Our results highlight that living arrangement is multidimensional in rural China.

Suggested Citation

  • Lingguo Cheng & Hong Liu & Ye Zhang & Zhong Zhao, 2018. "The heterogeneous impact of pension income on elderly living arrangements: evidence from China’s new rural pension scheme," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 31(1), pages 155-192, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jopoec:v:31:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1007_s00148-017-0655-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s00148-017-0655-y
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    11. Shu, Lei, 2017. "Essays on retirement income provision," Other publications TiSEM e5dd8c4e-03bf-4ec9-9651-b, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
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    14. Myerson, Rebecca & Lu, Tianyi & Yuan, Yong & Liu, Gordon, 2020. "The impact of government income transfers on tobacco and alcohol use: Evidence from China," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    15. Changyong Yang & Jianyuan Huang & Jiahao Yu, 2023. "Inequalities in Resource Distribution and Healthcare Service Utilization of Long-Term Care in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-17, February.
    16. Bingzheng Chen & Peiyun Deng & Xiaodong Fan, 2022. "Effect of compulsory education on retirement financial outcomes: evidence from China," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 124(4), pages 958-989, October.
    17. AO, Xiang & JIANG, Dawei & ZHAO, Zhong, 2016. "The impact of rural–urban migration on the health of the left-behind parents," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 126-139.
    18. Shanwen Zhu & Man Li & Renyao Zhong & Peter C. Coyte, 2019. "The Effects of Co-Residence on the Subjective Well-Being of Older Chinese Parents," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-17, April.
    19. Shu, Lei, 2018. "The effect of the New Rural Social Pension Insurance program on the retirement and labor supply decision in China," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 12(C), pages 135-150.
    20. Yanjun Ren & Weigang Liu & Xuexi Huo & Thomas Glauben, 2023. "The impact of old‐age pension on nutritional outcomes: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(S1), pages 1358-1381, December.
    21. Chen, Yi & Shi, Julie & Zhuang, Castiel Chen, 2019. "Income-dependent impacts of health insurance on medical expenditures: Theory and evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 290-310.
    22. Shen, Ke & Wang, Feng & Cai, Yong, 2016. "Patterns of inequalities in public transfers by gender in China," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 8(C), pages 76-84.
    23. Xing Ji & Jingwen Xu & Hongxiao Zhang, 2022. "How Does China’s New Rural Pension Scheme Affect Agricultural Production?," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-23, July.
    24. Zhaohua Zhang & Yuxi Luo & Derrick Robinson, 2020. "Do Social Pensions Help People Living on the Edge? Assessing Determinants of Vulnerability to Food Poverty Among the Rural Elderly," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 32(1), pages 198-219, January.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Pension income; Living arrangements; Heterogeneity; China;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J12 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

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