IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/inrvec/v66y2019i4d10.1007_s12232-019-00330-z.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Tourism and insecurity in the world

Author

Listed:
  • Simplice A. Asongu

    (University of South Africa (UNISA))

  • Joseph I. Uduji

    (University of Nigeria)

  • Elda N. Okolo-Obasi

    (University of Nigeria)

Abstract

The study assesses the role of forces of law and order in modulating the insecurity-tourism nexus in 163 countries for the period 2010 to 2015. Policy syndromes or insecurity dynamics include: violent crime, access to weapons, political instability and perception of criminality, while the policy variables of forces of law and order are captured with “security officers and police” and “armed service personnel.” The empirical evidence is based on negative binomial regressions. The findings show that the policy variables can be effectively used to crowd-out the negative incidence of policy syndromes on tourist arrivals. The results are contingent on net effects (from conditional and unconditional effects), insecurity dynamics and thresholds. A threshold is an inflexion point at which the unfavorable unconditional effect from a policy syndrome of insecurity on tourist arrivals is completely neutralized by policy variables of forces of law and order. Policy implications are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Simplice A. Asongu & Joseph I. Uduji & Elda N. Okolo-Obasi, 2019. "Tourism and insecurity in the world," International Review of Economics, Springer;Happiness Economics and Interpersonal Relations (HEIRS), vol. 66(4), pages 453-472, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:inrvec:v:66:y:2019:i:4:d:10.1007_s12232-019-00330-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s12232-019-00330-z
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12232-019-00330-z
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s12232-019-00330-z?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version below or search for a different version of it.

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liu, Anyu & Pratt, Stephen, 2017. "Tourism's vulnerability and resilience to terrorism," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 404-417.
    2. Asongu, Simplice A. & Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph, 2018. "Mitigating capital flight through military expenditure: Insight from 37 African countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 38-53.
    3. Lars-Hendrik Roller & Leonard Waverman, 2001. "Telecommunications Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Simultaneous Approach," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(4), pages 909-923, September.
    4. Augustin Kwasi Fosu, 2013. "Growth of African Economies: Productivity, Policy Syndromes and the Importance of Institutions," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 22(4), pages 523-551, August.
    5. Montfort Mlachila & René Tapsoba & Sampawende J. A. Tapsoba, 2017. "A Quality of Growth Index for Developing Countries: A Proposal," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 134(2), pages 675-710, November.
    6. Tchamyou, Vanessa S. & Erreygers, Guido & Cassimon, Danny, 2019. "Inequality, ICT and financial access in Africa," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 169-184.
    7. Seung-Whan Choi, 2015. "Economic growth and terrorism: domestic, international, and suicide," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 67(1), pages 157-181.
    8. Simplice Asongu & Oasis Kodila-Tedika, 2017. "Trade, aid and terror," International Journal of Development Issues, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 16(1), pages 2-24, April.
    9. Quamrul Ashraf & Oded Galor, 2013. "The 'Out of Africa' Hypothesis, Human Genetic Diversity, and Comparative Economic Development," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(1), pages 1-46, February.
    10. Mehmood, Shafaqat & Ahmad, Zahid & Khan, Ather Azim, 2016. "Dynamic relationships between tourist arrivals, immigrants, and crimes in the United States," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 383-392.
    11. Freytag, Andreas & Krüger, Jens J. & Meierrieks, Daniel & Schneider, Friedrich, 2011. "The origins of terrorism: Cross-country estimates of socio-economic determinants of terrorism," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 27(S1), pages 5-16.
    12. Raza, Syed Ali & Jawaid, Syed Tehseen, 2013. "Terrorism and tourism: A conjunction and ramification in Pakistan," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 65-70.
    13. Farmaki, Anna & Altinay, Levent & Botterill, David & Hilke, Sarina, 2015. "Politics and sustainable tourism: The case of Cyprus," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 178-190.
    14. Luisa Blanco & Robin Grier, 2009. "Long Live Democracy: The Determinants of Political Instability in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(1), pages 76-95.
    15. Michael Enowbi Batuo, 2015. "The role of telecommunications infrastructure in the regional economic growth of Africa," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 49(1), pages 313-330, January-M.
    16. Causevic, Senija & Lynch, Paul, 2013. "Political (in)stability and its influence on tourism development," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 145-157.
    17. Asongu, Simplice & Nnanna, Joseph & Biekpe, Nicholas & Acha-Anyi, Paul, 2018. "Contemporary Drivers of Global Tourism: Evidence from Terrorism and Peace Factors," MPRA Paper 91996, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Seung-Whan Choi & Shali Luo, 2013. "Economic Sanctions, Poverty, and International Terrorism: An Empirical Analysis," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(2), pages 217-245, April.
    19. Thorvaldur Gylfason, 2017. "Negative Interest," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 62(2), pages 139-148, October.
    20. Lepp, Andrew & Gibson, Heather & Lane, Charles, 2011. "Image and perceived risk: A study of Uganda and its official tourism website," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 675-684.
    21. Konstantinos Drakos & Ali M. Kutan, 2003. "Regional Effects of Terrorism on Tourism in Three Mediterranean Countries," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 47(5), pages 621-641, October.
    22. Eric Neumayer & Thomas Plümper, 2016. "Spatial spill-overs from terrorism on tourism: Western victims in Islamic destination countries," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 169(3), pages 195-206, December.
    23. Institute for Economics and Peace, 2017. "Global Peace Index 2017," Working Papers id:11991, eSocialSciences.
    24. Mehmet Yaya, 2009. "Terrorism And Tourism: The Case Of Turkey," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(6), pages 477-497.
    25. Brambor, Thomas & Clark, William Roberts & Golder, Matt, 2006. "Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 14(1), pages 63-82, January.
    26. Vanessa S. Tchamyou, 2019. "The Role of Information Sharing in Modulating the Effect of Financial Access on Inequality," Journal of African Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(3), pages 317-338, July.
    27. Kapuściński, Grzegorz & Richards, Barry, 2016. "News framing effects on destination risk perception," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 234-244.
    28. Alvarez, Maria D. & Campo, Sara, 2014. "The influence of political conflicts on country image and intention to visit: A study of Israel's image," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 70-78.
    29. Augustin Kwasi Fosu, 2013. "Growth of African Economies: Productivity, Policy Syndromes and the Importance of Institutions," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE), vol. 22(4), pages 523-551, August.
    30. Seabra, Cláudia & Dolnicar, Sara & Abrantes, José Luís & Kastenholz, Elisabeth, 2013. "Heterogeneity in risk and safety perceptions of international tourists," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 502-510.
    31. Rafael Llorca-Vivero, 2008. "Terrorism And International Tourism: New Evidence," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(2), pages 169-188.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Simplice A. Asongu & Joseph I. Uduji & Elda N. Okolo-Obasi, 2020. "Drivers and persistence of death in conflicts: global evidence," Working Papers 20/066, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    2. S. Nyasha & N.M. Odhiambo, 2021. "Determinants of Tourism Development: Empirical Evidence from Three Developing Countries," Working Papers AESRI-2021-19, African Economic and Social Research Institute (AESRI), revised Jan 2021.
    3. Uduji, Joseph Ikechukwu & Okolo-Obasi, Elda Nduka & Asongu, Simplice A., 2021. "Oil extraction in Nigeria's Ogoniland: The role of corporate social responsibility in averting a resurgence of violence," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    4. Joseph I. Uduji & Elda Nduka Okolo-Obasi & Simplice Anutechia Asongu, 2021. "Analysis of farmers’ food price volatility and Nigeria’s growth enhancement support scheme," African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(4), pages 463-478, June.
    5. Asongu, Simplice A & Odhiambo, Nicholas M, 2023. "Military Expenditure, Policy Syndromes and Tourism in the World," Working Papers 30041, University of South Africa, Department of Economics.
    6. Nyasha, Sheilla & Odhiambo, Nicholas M., 2021. "Determinants of Tourism Development: Empirical Evidence from Three Developing Countries," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 74(3), pages 335-368.
    7. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2019. "The sustainability of tourism: global comparative evidence," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 19/094, African Governance and Development Institute..
    8. Nyasha, Sheilla & Odhiambo, Nicholas M., 2021. "Determinants of Tourism Development: Empirical Evidence from Three Developing Countries," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 74(3), pages 335-368.
    9. Uduji, Joseph & Okolo-Obasi, Elda & Asongu, Simplice, 2020. "Women’s Participation in the Offshore and Inshore Fisheries Entrepreneurship: the Role of CSR in Nigeria’s Oil Coastal Communities," MPRA Paper 103141, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Joseph I. Uduji & Elda N. Okolo-Obasi & Simplice A. Asongu, 2019. "Electronic wallet technology and the enabling environment of smallholder farmers in Nigeria," Working Papers 19/041, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    11. Uduji, Joseph & Okolo-Obasi, Elda & Asongu, Simplice, 2020. "Sustainable Peace building and Development in Nigeria’s Post-Amnesty Programme: the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Oil Host Communities," MPRA Paper 103228, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Uduji, Joseph & Okolo-Obasi, Elda & Asongu, Simplice, 2021. "Does Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative Dissuade the Increasing Electoral Violence in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Nigeria’s Oil Producing Region," MPRA Paper 110756, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Odhiambo, Nicholas M & Saungweme, Talknice, 2021. "Does international tourism spur international trade in SSA countries? A dynamic panel data analysis," Working Papers 28345, University of South Africa, Department of Economics.
    14. Choudhary, Sheraz Ahmad & Khan, Muhammad Azhar & Sheikh, Abdullah Zafar & Jabor, Mohd Khata & Nordin, Mohd Safarin bin & Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Alotaibi, Saad M. & Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi & V, 2020. "Role of information and communication technologies on the war against terrorism and on the development of tourism: Evidence from a panel of 28 countries," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Asongu, Simplice & Acha-Anyi, Paul, 2019. "Global Tourism and Waves of Terror: Perspectives from Military Expenditure," MPRA Paper 101793, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Asongu, Simplice & Nnanna, Joseph & Biekpe, Nicholas & Acha-Anyi, Paul, 2018. "Contemporary Drivers of Global Tourism: Evidence from Terrorism and Peace Factors," MPRA Paper 91996, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Simplice A. Asongu & Jacinta C. Nwachukwu & Chris Pyke, 2019. "The Right to Life: Global Evidence on the Role of Security Officers and the Police in Modulating the Effect of Insecurity on Homicide," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 143(2), pages 727-740, June.
    4. Asongu, Simplice & Uduji, Joseph & Okolo-Obasi, Elda, 2020. "Political instability and political terror: global evidence on persistence," MPRA Paper 103147, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Meniago, Christelle & Asongu, Simplice A., 2018. "Revisiting the finance-inequality nexus in a panel of African countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 399-419.
    6. Asongu, Simplice A & Odhiambo, Nicholas M, 2023. "Military Expenditure, Policy Syndromes and Tourism in the World," Working Papers 30041, University of South Africa, Department of Economics.
    7. Simplice A. Asongu & Stella-Maris I. Orim & Rexon T. Nting, 2019. "Terrorism and Social Media: Global Evidence," Journal of Global Information Technology Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(3), pages 208-228, July.
    8. Seabra, Claudia & Reis, Pedro & Abrantes, José Luís, 2020. "The influence of terrorism in tourism arrivals: A longitudinal approach in a Mediterranean country," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    9. Asongu, Simplice A. & Uduji, Joseph I. & Okolo-Obasi, Elda N., 2019. "Homicide and social media: Global empirical evidence," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    10. Simplice Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2019. "Tourism and social media in the world: an empirical investigation," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 46(7), pages 1319-1331, November.
    11. Simplice A. Asongu & Mushfiqur Rahman & Richard Adu-Gyamfi & Raufhon Salahodjaev, 2022. "Tourism management synergies in Sub-Saharan Africa," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 22/059, African Governance and Development Institute..
    12. Simplice A. Asongu & Jacinta Nwachukwu, 2019. "Mitigating externalities of terrorism on tourism: global evidence from police, security officers and armed service personnel," Current Issues in Tourism, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(20), pages 2466-2471, December.
    13. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2018. "ICT, Financial Access and Gender Inclusion in the Formal Economic Sector: Evidence from Africa," The African Finance Journal, Africagrowth Institute, vol. 20(2), pages 45-65.
    14. Simplice A. Asongu, 2018. "CO2 emission thresholds for inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa," Research Africa Network Working Papers 18/023, Research Africa Network (RAN).
    15. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2019. "The sustainability of tourism: global comparative evidence," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 19/094, African Governance and Development Institute..
    16. Ahmed Muhamad Omer & Mehmet Yeşiltaş, 2020. "“Modeling the impact of wars and terrorism on tourism demand in Kurdistan region of Iraq”," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 19(3), pages 301-322, September.
    17. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2021. "Income Levels, Governance and Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 16(1), pages 71-103, February.
    18. Simplice A. Asongu, 2019. "The persistence of global terrorism," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 19/053, African Governance and Development Institute..
    19. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2022. "Enhancing ICT for Female Economic Participation in Sub-Saharan Africa," Working Papers of The Association for Promoting Women in Research and Development in Africa (ASPROWORDA). 22/002, The Association for Promoting Women in Research and Development in Africa (ASPROWORDA).
    20. Asongu, Simplice, 2019. "Natural Resource Exports, Foreign Aid and Terrorism," International Journal of Development and Conflict, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 74-94.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Insecurity; Peace; Tourism;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D74 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions
    • Z32 - Other Special Topics - - Tourism Economics - - - Tourism and Development
    • Z38 - Other Special Topics - - Tourism Economics - - - Policy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:inrvec:v:66:y:2019:i:4:d:10.1007_s12232-019-00330-z. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.