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Mierzenie kapitału społecznego

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  • Beata Łopaciuk-Gonczaryk

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest krytyczna analiza istniejących wskaźników kapitału społecznego, połączona z próbą przedstawienia ogólnych rekomendacji odnośnie jego pomiaru. Artykuł opiera się na analizie dostępnej literatury, w tym: a) tekstów poświęconych definiowaniu i konceptualizacji kapitału społecznego, b) opracowań o charakterze metodologicznym dotyczących problemów z operacjonalizacją kapitału społecznego oraz c) przykładowych prac empirycznych wykorzystujących różnego rodzaju mierniki kapitału społecznego. W pierwszej części omówione są podstawowe trudności związane z mierzeniem kapitału społecznego. Druga część obejmuje zestawienie najważniejszych, wykorzystywanych w badaniach empirycznych, metod pomiaru kapitału społecznego oraz ich słabych i mocnych stron. Jak okazuję się, brakuje standaryzacji w zakresie stosowanych wskaźników kapitału społecznego, co wynika nie tylko z różnic w jego konceptualizacji, ale również z charakteru badanych zjawisk, silnie uzależnionych od kontekstu. Główną rekomendacją jest zachowanie ostrożności podczas doboru wskaźników kapitału społecznego, które powinny być zgodne z przyjętą w danych realiach badawczych, możliwie konkretną definicją kapitału społecznego. W wielu przypadkach oznacza to potrzebę odejścia od budowania wskaźników na bazie dostępnych danych wtórnych, na rzecz przeprowadzenia nowych badań empirycznych, np. inspirowanych omówionymi w artykule metodami analizy sieci społecznych, czy też generatorami pozycji i zasobów. W celu tworzenia coraz trafniejszych i rzetelniejszych wskaźników kapitału, m.in. poprzez doskonalenie pytań używanych w kwestionariuszach, można uzupełniać metody ilościowe elementami badań jakościowych. Co więcej, kapitał społeczny jest pojęciem wielowymiarowym i jako taki nie daje się podsumować pojedynczym wskaźnikiem, natomiast warto podejmować próby identyfikowania różnych wymiarów kapitału społecznego oraz badania związków zachodzących między tymi wymiarami.

Suggested Citation

  • Beata Łopaciuk-Gonczaryk, 2012. "Mierzenie kapitału społecznego," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1-2, pages 1-24.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2012:i:1-2:p:1-24
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    kapitał społeczny; operacjonalizacja; pomiar; wskaźniki;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • D02 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact

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