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Black Home-owners as a Gentrifying Force? Neighbourhood Dynamics in the Context of Minority Home-ownership

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  • Raphael W. Bostic

    (School of Policy, Planning, and Development, University of Southern California, Ralph and Goldy Lewis Hall 326, Los Aregeles, CA 90089-0626, USA, bostic@usc.edu)

  • Richard W. Martin

    (School of Policy, Planning, and Development, University of Southern California, Ralph and Goldy Lewis Hall 326, Los Aregeles, CA 90089-0626, USA, richmart@terry.uga.edu)

Abstract

A significant portion of the literature on gentrification has implied, if not explicitly described, a racial dynamic associated with the process whereby White households replace Black households as neighbourhood incomes rise. However, this racial dimension to gentrification rules out the possibility that the neighbourhood transitions that are a part of gentrification could be sparked by middle- and upper-income Black households. This paper re-examines this view of gentrification by establishing if Black home-owners were a gentrifying influence in US cities from 1970 to 1990. Based on findings from previous case studies, a new scoring technique for identifying gentrifying neighbourhoods is used. Evidence is found that Black home-owners were a gentrifying influence in the 1970s, but not in the 1980s. Changes in housing market racial dynamics during the period are a possible explanation for the divergent results.

Suggested Citation

  • Raphael W. Bostic & Richard W. Martin, 2003. "Black Home-owners as a Gentrifying Force? Neighbourhood Dynamics in the Context of Minority Home-ownership," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 40(12), pages 2427-2449, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:40:y:2003:i:12:p:2427-2449
    DOI: 10.1080/0042098032000136147
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David M. Cutler & Edward L. Glaeser & Jacob L. Vigdor, 1999. "The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 107(3), pages 455-506, June.
    2. Bostic, Raphael W & Surette, Brian J, 2001. "Have the Doors Opened Wider? Trends in Homeownership Rates by Race and Income," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 411-434, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Seung Kyum Kim & Longfeng Wu, 2022. "Do the characteristics of new green space contribute to gentrification?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 59(2), pages 360-380, February.
    2. Lance Freeman, 2009. "Neighbourhood Diversity, Metropolitan Segregation and Gentrification: What Are the Links in the US?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(10), pages 2079-2101, September.
    3. Dick M. Carpenter & John K. Ross, 2009. "Testing O’Connor and Thomas: Does the Use of Eminent Domain Target Poor and Minority Communities?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(11), pages 2447-2461, October.
    4. Qi Zhang & Esther Hiu Kwan Yung & Edwin Hon Wan Chan, 2018. "Towards Sustainable Neighborhoods: Challenges and Opportunities for Neighborhood Planning in Transitional Urban China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-23, February.
    5. Sevrin Waights, 2018. "Does gentrification displace poor households? An 'identification-via-interaction' approach," CEP Discussion Papers dp1540, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    6. Zawadi Rucks-Ahidiana, 2021. "Racial composition and trajectories of gentrification in the United States," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(13), pages 2721-2741, October.
    7. McKinnish, Terra & Walsh, Randall & Kirk White, T., 2010. "Who gentrifies low-income neighborhoods?," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(2), pages 180-193, March.
    8. Anneli Kährik & Jana Temelová & Kati Kadarik & Jan Kubeš, 2016. "What attracts people to inner city areas? The cases of two post-socialist cities in Estonia and the Czech Republic," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(2), pages 355-372, February.
    9. Sue Easton & Loretta Lees & Phil Hubbard & Nicholas Tate, 2020. "Measuring and mapping displacement: The problem of quantification in the battle against gentrification," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(2), pages 286-306, February.
    10. Jackelyn Hwang, 2016. "Pioneers of Gentrification: Transformation in Global Neighborhoods in Urban America in the Late Twentieth Century," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(1), pages 189-213, February.
    11. Schuetz, Jenny, 2014. "Do art galleries stimulate redevelopment?," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 59-72.
    12. Jenny Schuettz, 2013. "Do Art Galleries Stimulate Redevelopment?," Working Paper 9121, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate.
    13. Kasey Zapatka & Brenden Beck, 2021. "Does demand lead supply? Gentrifiers and developers in the sequence of gentrification, New York City 2009–2016," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(11), pages 2348-2368, August.
    14. Xu, Minhong & Xu, Yilan, 2021. "What happens when Airbnb comes to the neighborhood: The impact of home-sharing on neighborhood investment," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    15. Jonathan Reades & Jordan De Souza & Phil Hubbard, 2019. "Understanding urban gentrification through machine learning," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 56(5), pages 922-942, April.
    16. Michael Barton, 2016. "An exploration of the importance of the strategy used to identify gentrification," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(1), pages 92-111, January.
    17. Schuetz, Jenny & Kolko, Jed & Meltzer, Rachel, 2012. "Are poor neighborhoods “retail deserts”?," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1-2), pages 269-285.
    18. Ingrid Gould Ellen & Keren Mertens Horn & Katherine M. O’Regan, 2013. "Why Do Higher-income Households Choose Low-income Neighbourhoods? Pioneering or Thrift?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 50(12), pages 2478-2495, September.
    19. Jenny Schuetz & Jed Kolko & Rachel Meltzer, 2010. "Is the 'Shop Around the Corner' a Luxury or a Nuisance? The relationship between income and neighborhood retail patterns," Working Paper 8513, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate.
    20. Kristian Behrens & Brahim Boualam & Julien Martin & Florian Mayneris, 2024. "Gentrification and Pioneer Businesses," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 106(1), pages 119-132, January.
    21. Juliana A. Maantay & Andrew R. Maroko, 2018. "Brownfields to Greenfields: Environmental Justice Versus Environmental Gentrification," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, October.
    22. Paccoud, Antoine & Niesseron, Pauline & Mace, Alan, 2020. "The role of ethnic change in the closing of rent gaps through buy-to-let gentrification," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 102985, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    23. Seth A. Williams & John R. Hipp, 2022. "The shape of neighborhoods to come: Examining patterns of gentrification and holistic neighborhood change in Los Angeles County, 1980–2010," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 54(2), pages 265-294, March.
    24. Atuesta, Laura H. & Hewings, Geoffrey J.D., 2019. "Housing appreciation patterns in low-income neighborhoods: Exploring gentrification in Chicago," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 35-47.
    25. Benjamin Preis & Aarthi Janakiraman & Alex Bob & Justin Steil, 2021. "Mapping gentrification and displacement pressure: An exploration of four distinct methodologies," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(2), pages 405-424, February.

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