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Does Weak Macroeconomic Performance Affect Voter Turnout? An Analysis Accounting for the 'Joshua Generation Effect'

Author

Listed:
  • Cebula, Richard J.

    (Davis College of Business, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA)

  • Foley, Maggie

    (Davis College of Business, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA)

  • Ghosh, Sriparna

    (Department of Economics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA)

Abstract

This empirical study applies an interpretation of the model of expressive voting to investigate whether higher unemployment rates as a measure of weak macroeconomic performance in U.S. induce an increase in voter participation of eligible voters in Presidential elections. The study period involves the four election-cycle years of 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012. The Random Effects estimations imply that voter turnout among eligible voters is a decreasing function of the percent of the population that was Hispanic and an increasing function of the percent of the adult population with a high school diploma, the percent of the adult population with a four-year college degree, and election closeness between the two major-party Presidential candidates, as well as the “Joshua Generation Effect”. Voter turnout is also found to be an increasing function of the level of the state unemployment rate of the civilian labor. This outcome is consistent with the hypothesis stating that the number of eligible voters, who are concerned with the implications of excessively high unemployment, increases with the unemployment rate. The eigible voters consist of both employed eligible voters and unhappy unemployed eligible voters who go to the polls and cast their ballots. Un debole andamento macroeconomico può influire sull’affluenza al voto? Un’analisi che tiene conto del ‘Joshua generation effect’ Questo studio empirico si avvale del modello expressive voting per analizzare se un più alto tasso di disoccupazione, come indicatore di un debole andamento macroeconomico negli USA, induca un aumento della partecipazione al voto alle elezioni presidenziali. Lo studio prende in considerazione quattro tornate elettorali: 2000, 2004, 2008 e 2012. Le stime dell’effetto random implicano che la partecipazione al voto è funzione decrescente della percentuale di popolazione ispanica, funzione crescente della percentuale di popolazione adulta con diploma di laurea e con diploma del college (4 anni), funzione crescente della vicinanza dei candidati nella corsa alla presidenza e del cosiddetto “Joshua generation effect”. Il numero dei votanti risulta essere funzione crescente del tasso di disoccupazione. Questo risultato è coerente con l’ipotesi secondo la quale la partecipazione al voto aumenta con il crescere del tasso di disoccupazione, in quanto si recano alle urne i votanti ‘occupati’, perché preoccupati a causa della disoccupazione, e i disoccupati che sono, ovviamente, già scontenti della loro condizione.

Suggested Citation

  • Cebula, Richard J. & Foley, Maggie & Ghosh, Sriparna, 2018. "Does Weak Macroeconomic Performance Affect Voter Turnout? An Analysis Accounting for the 'Joshua Generation Effect'," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 71(1), pages 9-28.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0818
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    Keywords

    Voter Turnout; Macroeconomic Performance;

    JEL classification:

    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General

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