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La politique de l’emploi dans les écrits politiques de Keynes (1930-1939)

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  • Rivot, Sylvie

    (Centre d’études interdisciplinaires Walras-Pareto)

Abstract

This paper analyses the employment policy advocated by Keynes during the 1930s, by way of a study of his political writings. First, it is shown that the real role of a public work policy is to coordinate the private initiative, in order to reverse entrepreneurs’ pessimism. Public works constitute an anti-deflationary policy of fighting involuntary unemployment. On the other hand, in 1937-1939 when the unemployment rate is still at 12 %, Keynes opposes an expansionary demand policy, because of the “true inflation” risks. Indeed, unemployment then mainly results from rigidities on the labour market. The concept of voluntary unemployment is thus relevant to understand the employment policy advocated by Keynes. Finally, this study shows the strong consistency of Keynes’ practical positions with the theoretical analysis developed in the General Theory, even if at first sight these positions seem to be surprising. Moreover, following this paper, it is possible to question the relevance of the so-called Keynesian policy after World War II. Cet article analyse la politique de l’emploi préconisée par Keynes durant les années trente, à partir d’une lecture de ses écrits politiques. Nous montrons tout d’abord le rôle exact d’un programme de travaux publics, à savoir de coordonner l’initiative privée afin de modifier le pessimisme des entrepreneurs. Les travaux publics constituent donc une politique anti-déflationniste de lutte contre le chômage involontaire. En revanche, en 1937-1939, malgré un taux de chômage de 12 %, Keynes s’oppose à une politique de relance globale, du fait des risques d’« inflation absolue ». Car le chômage résulte alors en grande partie des rigidités sur le marché du travail. Le concept de chômage volontaire, élaboré dans la Théorie générale, est donc d’une grande pertinence pour comprendre la politique de l’emploi préconisée par Keynes. Finalement, cette étude montre la forte cohérence des prises de position pratiques de Keynes avec l’analyse théorique développée dans la Théorie générale, même si ses positions peuvent à première vue nous surprendre. Elle permet également de jeter un regard critique sur les politiques dites keynésiennes d’après-guerre.

Suggested Citation

  • Rivot, Sylvie, 2003. "La politique de l’emploi dans les écrits politiques de Keynes (1930-1939)," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 79(1), pages 133-146, Mars-Juin.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:79:y:2003:i:1:p:133-146
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert Leeson, 1999. "Keynes and the “Keynesian” Phillips Curve," History of Political Economy, Duke University Press, vol. 31(3), pages 493-509, Fall.
    2. Peden, G C, 1980. "Keynes, the Treasury and Unemployment in the Later Nineteen-Thirties," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 32(1), pages 1-18, March.
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