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Contribution à la réglementation de Bâle-3 : de la consistance interne du continuum du crédit commercial en marquant à la « valeur de modèle » le risque de crédit des engagements de crédit

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  • Chateau, Jean-Pierre D.

    (Université de Macao, Chine, Rouen School of Business, France)

Abstract

This research aims to bring some internal consistency to the computation of the credit-risk capital charge of loan commitments and commercial spot loans, namely the components of the commercial credit continuum. Consistency is achieved by using commitment credit risk (as for commercial-loan risk) instead of commitment initial term (as mandated by Basel-2) as the computation main determinant. This is done by proposing marking to model as the bank’s advanced internal-ratings-based (AIRB) approach : credit risk is captured by a four-parameter Johnson distribution of the commitment marked-to-model value (also known as the indebtedness futures value). Once priced as a Johnson’s futures put option, “true” credit risk is combined with the commitment exercise-cum-funding proportion so as to compute the commitment “fair” capital charge. As the latter is quite moderate, marking to model is an “efficient” AIRB approach that offers capital relief with respect to Basel-2 simplified approach but also with respect to the banks’ own alternative AIRB procedures. Marking to model also helps determine the banks’ incremental capital cost caused by borrowers’ credit-rating downgrades. This policy implication hinges on mapping indebtedness values into borrowers’ credit ratings of external agencies and using transition probabilities between beginning and end-of-period credit ratings. Résumé : Dans le cadre de Bâle-2, l’étude vise à calculer pour les banques canadiennes la charge en capital afférente aux engagements de crédit hors bilan qui s’avère consistante avec celle des prêts au comptant au bilan. Cette consistance s’obtient en sélectionnant le risque de crédit des engagements (par similitude avec celui des prêts commerciaux) au lieu de la durée initiale des engagements (comme prescrit par Bâle-2) comme déterminant principal du calcul. Pour y arriver, nous proposons la « valeur de ou au modèle » comme approche avancée fondée sur les notations internes (NI) : dans celle-ci, le risque de crédit est appréhendé par une option de vente (put) basée sur une distribution de Johnson à quatre paramètres de la « valeur d’endettement à terme » (ce terme désignant la valeur de modèle de l’engagement). Ensuite, lors du calcul de la « juste » charge en capital d’un engagement, le risque « réel » de crédit, évalué comme put à terme de Johnson, est combiné avec la proportion de tirage de la ligne de crédit. Cette charge étant très modérée, l’approche « valeur de modèle » constitue une approche NI avancée « efficiente » puisqu’elle réduit la charge en capital par rapport à celle obtenue par l’approche Bâle-2 simplifiée ou même par rapport à celles obtenues par d’autres procédures NI avancées propres aux banques. Enfin, la valeur au modèle permet de déterminer la charge en capital additionnelle induite par une baisse de la cote de crédit d’un emprunteur. Cette application pratique s’appuie sur la correspondance entre valeurs d’endettement et cotes de crédit d’agences de notation externes ainsi que sur l’existence d’une matrice de probabilités de transition entre notations de crédit en début et fin de période.

Suggested Citation

  • Chateau, Jean-Pierre D., 2011. "Contribution à la réglementation de Bâle-3 : de la consistance interne du continuum du crédit commercial en marquant à la « valeur de modèle » le risque de crédit des engagements de crédit," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 87(4), pages 445-479, décembre.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:0060
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