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Los efectos ambientales de la cadena global de prendas de vestir en Costa Rica

Author

Listed:
  • Álvaro Martín Parada Gómez

    (Escuela de Economía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma (UNA), Costa Rica)

  • Wim Pelupessy

    (Instituto de Estudios para el Desarrollo (IVO), Universidad de Tilburg, Holanda)

Abstract

La industria de textil y confección de prendas de vestir ha sido un bastión fundamental para la producción, empleo, inversión y exportación costarricense. La presencia de 48 empresas maquiladoras generó 21,5 mil empleos directos y $580 millones en exportaciones en el año 2004. Paralelamente, aproximadamente 450 pequeñas y medianas empresas producen ropa para el mercado local, las cuales impulsan la creación de empleos e ingresos familiares. Lo que aún no está claro es la sostenibilidad de estas actividades y especialmente, el costo asumido en materia de efectos ambientales directos e indirectos. Estudios previos sobre la cadena global de prendas de vestir son el marco de referencia para la identificación de efectos ambientales originados desde la apropiación de las fibras naturales y sintéticas hasta el uso final de la ropa. Países en desarrollo como Costa Rica se debaten en el dilema de obtener mayores beneficios en materia de crecimiento de la producción, exportación y empleo versus los efectos negativos que la industria de confección de ropa causan sobre los recursos naturales. Por lo tanto, este artículo tiene el propósito de contraponer estos beneficios con sus prejuicios ambientales. Como primeros resultados encontramos que son el agua y la tierra que sufran los mayores efectos nocivos Las maquiladoras y PYMES del mercado doméstico tienen diferentes patrones ambientales dependiendo de los respectivos procesos productivos y sus ubicaciones. El impacto por empleo generado demuestra a comienzos ciertas economías de escala, que luego se vuelven en diseconomías con el crecimiento y cambio productivo posteriores.

Suggested Citation

  • Álvaro Martín Parada Gómez & Wim Pelupessy, 2006. "Los efectos ambientales de la cadena global de prendas de vestir en Costa Rica," Revista Iberoamericana de Economía Ecológica, Red Iberoamericana de Economía Ecológica, vol. 3, pages 65-82.
    • Handle: RePEc:rib:revibe:rev3_05
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wesley Nimon & John Beghin, 1999. "Are Eco-Labels Valuable? Evidence From the Apparel Industry," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 81(4), pages 801-811.
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