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Positionnement conjoncturel du Royaume-Uni et UEM

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  • Paul-Emmanuel Micolet

Abstract

[fre] Avec une croissance du PIB réel estimée à 3,5% en 1997 et malgré une pause en 1995, la phase d'expansion de l'économie du Royaume-Uni est entrée dans sa sixième année. Cette situation contraste avec celle des principaux autres pays européens, notamment de Allemagne, dont les économies semblent seulement aujourd'hui s'engager dans une réelle reprise. L'un des symptômes de ces situations conjoncturelles contrastées est le différentiel des taux intérêt courts entre le Royaume-Uni et le reste de l'Europe. Ce différentiel interdit une convergence immédiate des taux du Royaume-Uni sur un taux européen qui devrait être relativement plus bas, et par là même, justifie le choix fait par le gouvernement Blair de ne pas faire entrer la livre dans l'euro. L'objet de cette étude est de déterminer dans quelle mesure le Royaume-Uni peut être structurellement une source de chocs asymétriques temporaires potentiellement coûteux à la fois pour ce pays et pour l'ensemble de la zone euro. En fait, depuis les années soixante-dix le cycle du produit du Royaume-Uni apparaît être fortement lié au cycle des États- Unis et de moins en moins lié au cycle du noyau dur européen par rapport auquel il est en avance. L'étude des fac teurs explicatifs de ces oppositions de zones nous conduit à deux conclusions principales. La première concerne l'influence des choix de politiques macroéconomiques et notamment de politique monétaire sur le profil cyclique du Royaume-Uni. La seconde concerne la persistance d'une hétérogénéité structurelle liée principalement aux caractéristiques internationales de l'd'insertion commerciale et de la spécialisation du Royaume-Uni et aux mécanismes ajustement aux impulsions monétaires propres à ce pays. Alors que l'UEM devrait limiter les perturbations issues des choix nationaux de politiques macroéconomiques, les différences structurelles devront être prises en compte lors de l'intégration du Royaume-Uni. Mais globalement,l'entrée du Royaume-Uni dans la troisième phase de l'UEM paraît inévitable La conjoncture actuelle et des motivations de politique intérieure sont les deux principaux facteurs qui justifient réellement le choix du gouvernement Blair. [eng] Business cycle of the United Kingdom and EMU Paul-Emmanuel Micolet The aim of this paper is to analyse to what extent the divergences between the business cycles of the United Kingdom and the ones of the Euro zone may be a risk for the integration of the Pound in the Euro. The study of the factors that may explain such divergences has led to two main conclusions. The first one is linked to the influence of differences in choices of policy mix and especially of monetary policies on the asymmetries observed. The second one deals with the persistence of structural differences between the United Kingdom and the core countries both in the real and the financial sectors. But on whole, the integration of the United Kingdom in the EMU seems to be unavoidable. The present divergences in business cycles and internal policy motivations are the two main explanations of the choice made by the Blair government to postpone this integration.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul-Emmanuel Micolet, 1998. "Positionnement conjoncturel du Royaume-Uni et UEM," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 66(1), pages 127-169.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1998_num_66_1_1511
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1998.1511
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1998.1511
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