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Revenus et concurrence accrus

Author

Listed:
  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE
  • Philippe Sigogne
  • Monique Fouet
  • Sabine Mathieu
  • Françoise Milewski
  • Michael Cocker
  • Catherine Dujust
  • Alain Gubian

Abstract

[eng] The gap between American and European growth rates vanishes. But there is little evidence that the old countries can go ahead in the near future. During the past three years American investors have done a lot. Housebuilding and the service sector fully benefited by it, but many manufacturing activities, under pressure of competition, also gained in strength. Out from the big european countries, Germany alone strove to modernize accordingly and displays some optimism. Would the dollar fall be confirmed, the external constraint still imposed to several countries will be relieved, and consumption stimulated through reduced inflation. In return competition will increase, demand from developing countries will drop and there will be little ground left for exports. French growth, albeit more sustained next year, will still show signs of lagging. Consumption is drawn by tax cuts and a weakening saving propensity. Net borrowing will be narrowed with curtailed expenses of the central government and still low purchases of new dwellings by households. As for firms, debt funding and cautious investment will be carried on. A lower inflation and some linkage of financial and monetary markets will help the easing of interest rates. Trade gap could be reduced and long term foreign debt would stop growing. [fre] Le différentiel de croissance entre les États-Unis et l'Europe s'estompe, mais il n'est pas pour autant assuré que les pays du vieux continent prennent prochainement les devants. Au cours des trois dernières années les Américains ont massivement investi. Bien que le logement et les activités tertiaires y aient pris une large part, l'industrie, pressée par la concurrence, s'est aussi renforcée en de nombreux points. Parmi les grands pays européens seule la RFA a pu conduire un effort de modernisation comparable et affiche un certain optimisme. Le baisse du dollar, si elle se confirme, allégera la contrainte extérieure qui s'imposait encore à plusieurs pays et, en ralentissant l'inflation, stimulera la consommation. Par contre la concurrence va s'intensifier sur le marché européen, la demande des pays en développement fléchira, et les places à l'exportation seront chères. En France la croissance restera en retrait de celle de nos partenaires, quoique plus soutenue l'an prochain. La consommation bénéficie des allégements fiscaux et d'une propension à épargner qui s'affaiblit. Les besoins de financement de l'économie se réduisent car l'Etat freine ses dépenses et les ménages achètent peu de logements neufs. Quant aux entreprises elles consolident leurs bilans et investiront encore prudemment en 1986. La baisse des taux d'intérêt sera encouragée par celle de l'inflation et le décloisonnement des marchés financiers et monétaires. Le déficit commercial pourrait être réduit et la dette extérieure à long terme stabilisée.

Suggested Citation

  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE & Philippe Sigogne & Monique Fouet & Sabine Mathieu & Françoise Milewski & Michael Cocker & Catherine Dujust & Alain Gubian, 1985. "Revenus et concurrence accrus," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(1), pages 5-88.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1985_num_13_1_1039
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1985.1039
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1985.1039
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