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Différentiel de croissance entre les États-Unis et l'Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE
  • Philippe Sigogne
  • Sabine Mathieu
  • Vincent Radisson
  • Philippe Aroyo
  • Monique Fouet
  • Michael Cocker
  • Alain Gubian
  • Daniel Roy
  • Françoise Milewski

Abstract

[eng] The tightening of monetary policy in industrialised countries from 1980 onwards is one of the causes of the subsequent slowdown in economic growth along with inflation and the reduction of international liquidity. This trend will continue in the near future. Despite a smooth reduction in the growth rate, the needs of the american economy in foreign capital will remain substantial. This drain on foreign savings is likely to hamper recovery elsewhere and maintain the strong dollar. Since the second oil shock, the underlying trend of growth has been 1 % p. a. higher in the US than in Europe as a whole and France in particular. The French economy, which was in phase with the rest of the EEC in 1983, shows signs of lagging. This should be more evident in 1985 than 1984 but insufficient to close the trade gap. There will be a gradual easing of economic policy in 1985. Consumer expenditure, which has been maintained over recent months only by a fall in the saving ratio, should pick up with the reduction of tax levels. Investment should continue to recover thanks to public funding and an improvement in profits but will be restricted to the modernisation of industry. With fewer jobs on offer and an increasing labour force, the rise in unemployment is unlikely to be stemmed. [fre] Les politiques monétaires des pays industrialisés sont devenues restrictives au début des années quatre-vingt, ce qui a été l'une des causes du ralentissement tant de l'activité que de l'inflation mondiale et de la raréfaction des liquidités disponibles pour des financements internationaux. Elles demeureront rigoureuses au cours des prochains trimestres. Les États-Unis continueront à faire largement appel aux capitaux étrangers, malgré un ralentissement ordonné de leur croissance. Cette ponction sur l'épargne mondiale risque de maintenir le taux de change du dollar à haut niveau et de freiner la reprise économique des autres pays. Depuis le second choc pétrolier la croissance tendancielle européenne est inférieure de 1 % par an à celle des États-Unis. Il en est de même pour la France, qui en 1983 était en phase conjoncturelle avec ses partenaires de la CEE et accuse un léger retard en 1984. Celui-ci serait plus sensible en 1985, insuffisant toutefois pour supprimer le déficit extérieur. En 1985 la politique de rigueur ira en s' atténuant : les allégements fiscaux permettraient aux ménages d'accroître à nouveau leurs dépenses de consommation, qui s'étaient maintenues ces derniers mois au prix d'un recul de l'épargne. Le redressement de l'investissement pourrait se poursuivre grâce à l'amélioration de la situation financière des entreprises et aux financements publics, mais il serait encore limité à la seule modernisation de l'industrie. La montée du chômage sera difficilement contenue à cause du retour à des taux d'activité plus élevés et de la réduction des offres d'emploi.

Suggested Citation

  • Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE & Philippe Sigogne & Sabine Mathieu & Vincent Radisson & Philippe Aroyo & Monique Fouet & Michael Cocker & Alain Gubian & Daniel Roy & Françoise Milewski, 1984. "Différentiel de croissance entre les États-Unis et l'Europe," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 9(1), pages 5-80.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1984_num_9_1_1000
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1984.1000
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1984.1000
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