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Premiers pas de reprises échelonnées

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  • Philippe Sigogne
  • Monique Fouet

Abstract

[eng] European economies have been diversely hit by the shocks of the past ten years owing to structural differences. Initial reactions resulted in a great variety of economic policies. More recently, external constraints have induced adjustment policies in all countries. The process is unevenly underway, so that economic growth can not yet resume everywhere. Signs of recovery will strengthen during the second half of 1983, but no real generalised recovery can be expected in Europe before mid-1984. In the early 1970's, France experienced particularly fast growth whose driving forces were household consumption and residential building. More recently, the latter has been severely hit by the economic crisis. As it declines, so does a powerful incentive to save. As savings are not completely reoriented towards financial assets, the fall of consumption is limited. Export competitiveness calls for a balanced judgment : it is neither good nor bad but, rather, slowly improving. Although market shares are slightly increasing, exports are weak because world demand is contracting at a pace often underestimated. The trade deficit will not vanish with a recovery abroad, but it could very well be halved in a year's time. [fre] Les économies européennes, affectées de manière différente par les dérèglements des dix dernières années, y ont d'abord répondu par des politiques économiques fort diverses. Sous la pression de la contrainte extérieure, toutes sont à présent engagées dans un assainissement qui a atteint des stades très inégaux. Des zones de reprise se préciseront durant le second semestre 1983, mais ce n'est guère avant la mi-1984 que pourrait s'amorcer un véritable processus cumulatif de reprise dans l'environnement européen de la France. Plus que d'autres pays la France a connu dans le passé une forte croissance, tirée par la consommation, mais aussi par le logement. Celui-ci est l'une des grandes victimes de la crise ; avec son déclin s'estompe un puissant stimulant de l'épargne des ménages. Le report sur les placements financiers ne s'effectue que très incomplètement et limite la baisse de la consommation. La compétitivité des exportations mérite un diagnostic nuancé : ni bonne, ni mauvaise, mais en lente convalescence. Ce ne sont pas les parts de marché de la France qui se réduisent, mais la demande mondiale, généralement surestimée. Le déficit extérieur ne disparaîtra pas avec la reprise étrangère, mais pourrait être réduit de plus de moitié d'ici un an.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Sigogne & Monique Fouet, 1983. "Premiers pas de reprises échelonnées," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 4(1), pages 5-42.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1983_num_4_1_942
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1983.942
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1983.942
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