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Activité et chômage des femmes en France face à la crise

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  • Michel Forsé

Abstract

[fre] L'activité professionnelle des femmes n'est point, sur le long terme, chose nouvelle. En revanche, malgré la crise du système productif, la croissance des taux d'activité féminine a continué à un rythme rapide. Dans l'industrie, les femmes qui sont davantage ouvrières spécialisées ont moins été touchées que les hommes (plus qualifiés) par les licenciements. Mais, c'est essentiellement le maintien de la croissance des secteurs tertiaires, malgré la crise, qui explique dans le domaine de l'emploi la position privilégiée des femmes puisqu'une majorité y travaille. Le comportement des femmes à l'égard du travail salarié a changé. Grâce à certaines transformations de la société, elles ont pu pénétrer massivement le marché du travail et en sortent beaucoup moins à l'occasion du mariage ou d'une naissance. Ainsi, le chômage des femmes est avant tout un chômage de jeunes qui ont commencé à chercher du travail après le début de la crise. Or l'appareil productif français, qui continue de réserver aux femmes la majorité de ses créations d'emploi ne parvient plus à couvrir l'augmentation rapide de leur taux d'activité. Cette donnée sociale nouvelle et irréversible semble plus explicative du niveau des taux de chômage féminin qu'un effet de la crise soi-disant plus important pour les femmes que pour les hommes. [eng] Women's attitude to salaried work has also altered as well since associated with broader social changes women have been able to enter the labour market on a larger scale and less often leave when marrying or having children. The female unemployed are, therefore, largely those who have begun to look for work since the beginning of the crisis. And although the French economy continues to assign women the majority of newly created jobs, these are not enough to absorb the increased growth in female participation. It is this growth, due to society's changing attitudes to women working that explains the level of the female unemployment rate, so the crisis itself is no more important for men than for women.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Forsé, 1983. "Activité et chômage des femmes en France face à la crise," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 3(1), pages 91-99.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1983_num_3_1_935
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1983.935
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1983.935
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    1. Maryse Huet, 1982. "La progression de l'activité féminine est-elle irréversible ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 145(1), pages 3-17.
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