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Le partage salaires-profits

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  • Jean Le Dem
  • Jean Pisani-ferry

Abstract

[fre] L'économie de partage des profits de M. Weitzman a récemment attiré l'attention des économistes et des gouvernements. L'objet de cet article est de faire le point sur les débats qu'il a soulevés et sur les questions qui restent en suspens. La logique du partage des profits est maintenant mieux connue. Des ambiguïtés demeurent cependant du fait de ses différents usages possibles. Dans un cadre de négociation salariale, il peut permettre d'améliorer le résultat de la négociation lorsque le syndicat se soude de l'emploi mais ne peut négocier directement que des salaires. Il peut alternativement, être utilisé par la puissance publique pour réduire le pouvoir des salariés les plus anciens. Le partage des profits peut aussi être considéré comme un instrument de stabilisation macro-économique. Comparée à une économie où les salaires répondent à une règle d'indexation optimale, une économie de partage des profits possède les mêmes propriétés de stabilité de l'emploi, mais la variance des salaires réels y est plus faible et celle des profits plus forte. De nombreuses questions demeurent quant aux effets pratiques d'un partage des profits. Les plus importants touchent aux problèmes d'ex- ternalité, au risque de dérive vers un régime salarial pur, et aux incidences du partage des profits sur le comportement des entreprises. [eng] M. Weitzman's "share economy" received in recent years considerable attention from economists and policymakers. The purpose of this paper is to survey the state of the debate about profit sharing and to summarise the questions that remain. The logic of profit sharing is now better known and understood. Ambiguities remain nevertheless because of the various possible purposes of a profit sharing system. In a wage bargaining framework, it can improve the outcome of the bargaining process if the union does care about employment but is restricted to a pure wage négociation. It can, alternatively, be used as a policy tool to reduce the power of insiders. Profit-sharing can also be considered as a built-in macroeconomic stabilizer. If one compares a share economy to an economy with optimal wage indexation schemes, it appears that profit-sharing does stabilize employment as well as optimal indexation, but with a lesser variance of real wages and a greater variance of profits. Numerous questions remain concerning the practical implementation of profit sharing. The most important concern the externality problem, the risk of slide towards a pure wage system, and the problems arising form suboptimal firms behaviour.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Le Dem & Jean Pisani-ferry, 1988. "Le partage salaires-profits," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 3(2), pages 179-203.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_1988_num_3_2_1181
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.1988.1181
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.1988.1181
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