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L'impact de la publicité sur la demande. Une application à la demande de tabac en France (1970-1994)

Author

Listed:
  • Bertrand Lemennicier
  • Olivier Maillard
  • Emmanuel Scano

Abstract

[fre] L'impact de la publicité sur la demande. Une application à la demande de tabac en France (1970-1994). . L'objet de cet article est d'étudier l'impact de la publicité sur la demande. Si la publicité affecte les goûts, on s'attend à un impact positif sur la demande agrégée. Si elle affecte le comportement du consommateur par le biais de la contrainte de budget, on s'attend à un impact nul sur la demande agrégée mais un impact significatif sur les parts de marché ou demandes individuelles. Les tests empiriques ont été menés sur la demande agrégée de tabac en France et sur la part de marché de la Seita sur la période 1970-1994. Nos résultats montrent que les dépenses de publicité ne modifient pas la demande agrégée contrairement à la demande individuelle adressée à la Seita. Ces résultats, les premiers sur données françaises, sont similaires à ceux obtenus à l'étranger. Les implications en matière de politique économique sont nombreuses. Les politiques d'interdiction de la publicité n'ont vraisemblablement qu'un impact négligeable sur la demande globale de tabac. Les accises ne semblent pas non plus être un instrument très efficace pour réduire la demande de tabac, compte tenu des faibles élasticités prix et participation. En revanche, la faible croissance du revenu enregistrée sur la fin de la période explique vraisemblablement mieux la chute de la consommation des fumeurs, compte tenu de l'élasticité revenu supérieure à l'unité. [eng] The impact of advertising on demand : the case of french tobacco demand (1970-1994). . This paper is concerned with studying the effect of advertising on French tobacco demand in a time-series context (1970-1994). If advertising changed tas- tes, the effect would be positive on aggregate demand but nihil when advertising affects budget constraint. In the latter case, only market shares or individual demands would be modified. We have found that advertising expenditures have no effect on aggregate demand but have an impact on Seita's market shares. These results, which are original for the French case, are close to those found elsewhere. The implications for economic policy are numerous. Complete adverti­sing ban or excise tax seem do not to reduce aggregate tobacco consumption knowing that advertising elasticities are inconsistent and price elasticities are very low. The very slow growth of income since the beginning of the 90s probably explains better the reduction of tobacco consumption for smokers knowing that income elasticities are higher than one and very significant.

Suggested Citation

  • Bertrand Lemennicier & Olivier Maillard & Emmanuel Scano, 1998. "L'impact de la publicité sur la demande. Une application à la demande de tabac en France (1970-1994)," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 49(6), pages 1539-1572.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1998_num_49_6_410054
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