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"Les entreprises où les hommes s'exposent à une perte, dans la vue d'un profit". Condorcet et l'héritage de d'Alembert

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  • Jean-Nicolas Rieucau

Abstract

[fre] Les entreprises où les hommes s'exposent à une perte, dans la vue d'un profit. . Au même titre que Voltaire pour ce qui concerne la justice et les lettres et que Turgot en matière d'économie et de politique, d'Alembert est traditionnellement considéré comme le mentor de Condorcet dans les sciences et les mathématiques. Pour autant, l'influence du coéditeur de l'Encyclopédie sur les idées économiques de Condorcet doit-elle être jugée marginale ? Justement pas : en partant d'une conception « mixte » des mathématiques qu'il partage avec d'Alembert et d'une interrogation sur les doutes probabilistes de ce dernier, Condorcet est amené à développer une théorie du choix en univers incertain qui dépasse le domaine classique des jeux de hasard ou des assurances pour s'étendre à celui de l'entreprise économique en tant que telle, qu'elle soit de culture, de commerce ou d'industrie. Ce faisant, il soumet le facteur risque à une formalisation probabi-liste sans précédent lorsqu'il envisage le profit perçu par l'entrepreneur. [eng] Enterprises where men are exposed to loss with a view to profit: Condorcet and the d'Alembert's legacy. . Like Voltaire in the fields of justice and letters, and Turgot in economics and politics, d'Alembert is traditionally considered as the mentor of Condorcet in scien­ces and mathematics. Accordingly, should the influence of the Encyclopedia's coeditor on the economic ideas of Condorcet be judged marginal ? Precisely not : while adopting d'Alembert's mixed approach of mathematics and questionning the probabilistic doubts of the latter, Condorcet is lead to develop a theory of choice under uncertainty which goes beyond the standard scope of games of chance or insurances and embraces the economic enterprise as such, whether agricultural, commercial or manufacturai. By the way, his study of the entrepreneur's profit affords a probabilistic formalization of risk without precedent.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Nicolas Rieucau, 1998. ""Les entreprises où les hommes s'exposent à une perte, dans la vue d'un profit". Condorcet et l'héritage de d'Alembert," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 49(5), pages 1365-1405.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1998_num_49_5_410046
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1998.410046
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1998.410046
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