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Estimation du stock de monnaie métallique en France à la fin du XIXe siècle

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  • Pierre Sicsic

Abstract

[eng] Estimation of metal money in france at the end of the XIXth century. . Between 1878 and 1909, six monetary surveys were carried out in France. The dates of mintage of the coins which were in the cash-boxes of the State and of the major banks were taken. Alfred de Foville who initiated these surveys used them to give an estimate of the metal money in France. Later on (1932), Jules Denue computed two yearly metal money series ; the extrapolated de Foville's figures with custom data of coin trade lor the first one, and for the other he applied a constant and arbitrary loss rate to mintings which are perfectly known. These two estimates are quite different in levels (for 1891 the second is more than doubled the first) as well as in variations. The three methods are described with details in this paper. It is shown that custom data cannot be used, and that there remain questions about coin holdings by the Banque de France ; a new estimate of these holdings is given, which is built with archives from the Conseil general of the Bank.. The metal money is then computed (for the six years when there was a survey), using loss rates which are estimated by the maximum likelihood of a multinomial law method, with data from the six surveys. This new estimate turns out to be between those by de Foville and Denuc. It is obvions that Denuc's surestimate cornes from a loss rate smaller than those which are consistent with the surveys. Metal money was, according to our estimate, about eight billion francs in 1878, then it decreased to five and a half billions in 1903, and dramatically increased to seven billions in 1909. [fre] Estimation du stock de monnaie métallique en France à la fin du XIXe siècle. . Entre 1878 et 1909, six enquêtes monétaires, pour lesquelles les millésimes des pièces présentes dans les caisses publiques et les caisses des grandes banques étaient relevés, ont été réalisées. Elles ont permis à leur initiateur, Alfred de Foville, de proposer une évaluation du stock monétaire métallique en France. Plus tard (1932) Jules Denuc a calculé deux séries annuelles de masse monétaire métallique; pour la première, il extrapole les chiffres de Foville grâce aux statistiques douanières de mouvements de pièces, pour la seconde il applique un taux de perte constant et arbitraire aux frappes qui sont parfaitement connues. Ces deux évaluations sont très différentes tant en niveau (pour 1891 la seconde est plus de deux fois supérieure à la première) qu'en évolution.. Dans cet article, les différentes méthodes d'évaluation sont exposées en détail. Puis après avoir montré que les statistiques douanières sont inutilisables et que la connaissance de l'encaisse en pièces de la Banque de France pose problème, une nouvelle évaluation de cette encaisse, effectuée grâce aux archives du Conseil général de la Banque, est proposée.. Utilisant des taux de perte estimés par la méthode du maximum de la vraisemblance d'une loi multinominale avec les données des six enquêtes, la masse monétaire métallique est calculée pour les années d'enquête. Cette nouvelle estimation se trouve être intermédiaire entre celle de Foville et celle de Denuc. Il apparaît clairement que la surestimation de Denuc provient du taux de perte retenu, bien inférieur à ceux qui découlent de l'utilisation des résultats des six enquêtes. La masse monétaire métallique était d'après notre estimation d'environ 8 milliards en 1878, elle aurait ensuite décliné jusqu'à 5 milliards et demi en 1903, avant de remonter vivement à plus de 7 milliards en 1909.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Sicsic, 1989. "Estimation du stock de monnaie métallique en France à la fin du XIXe siècle," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(4), pages 709-736.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1989_num_40_4_409161
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    Cited by:

    1. Francois R. Velde, 2002. "The crime of 1873: back to the scene," Working Paper Series WP-02-29, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    2. Arthur J. Rolnick & Warren E. Weber, 1994. "Inflation, money, and output under alternative monetary standards," Staff Report 175, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
    3. G. Bazot & M. D. Bordo & E. Monnet, 2014. "The Price of Stability. The balance sheet policy of the Banque de France and the Gold Standard (1880-1914)," Working papers 510, Banque de France.
    4. Bazot, Guillaume & Bordo, Michael D. & Monnet, Eric, 2016. "International shocks and the balance sheet of the Bank of France under the classical gold standard," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 87-107.

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