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Crises mondiales de l'énergie et mutations du système productif au XIXe et au XXe siècle : la crise charbonnière de 1873 et la crise pétrolière de 1973

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  • Jean-Louis Escudier

Abstract

[eng] World energetic crisis and changes of the french productive system on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. the 1873 goal crisis and the 1973 oil crisis. . It is worthwhile examining the relationships between the situation of oil market since 1973 and the coal industry crisis experienced by Europeen Countries one hundred years earlier.. The 1872-1875 coal crisis first appeared in Great Britain then spread to the all of the European Coal basins. The rise in prises was followed by a general development in production but also very rapidly by a lovering of productivity. The pressure on the steel industry, encouraged by the development of railways, spurred on the coal industry between 1870 and 1875. The 1973-1982 oil crisis seems rather more linked to the mutations which came about on the energy market since 1950. Since these two energy crisis occur in the « first age of the depression » of a long wave, an innovative process must be developed, capable of saving energy and thereby causing market prices to fall. In a first time, mutations of the productive System tend to go up the priees and then to save energy. [fre] Crises mondiales de l'énergie et mutations du système productif au XIXe et au XXe siècle. La crise charbonnière de 1873 et la crise pétrolière de 1973. . Le rapprochement de la situation du marché pétrolier depuis 1973 et de la crise charbonnière que connurent les pays européens cent ans plus tôt est riche d'enseignements.. La crise charbonnière de 1872-1875 s'est manifestée d'abord en Grande-Bretagne puis propagée à l'ensemble des bassins houillers européens. La hausse des prix a été suivie d'un développement général de la production mais aussi très vite d'une baisse de la productivité. La pression sur l'industrie sidérurgique, encouragée par le développement des chemins de fer, a constitué le principal aiguillon de l'industrie charbonnière entre 1870 et 1875. La crise pétrolière plus longue et encore plus marquée apparaît davantage liée aux mutations qui se sont réalisées sur le marché énergétique depuis 1950.. Ces deux crises énergétiques qui interviennent dans le « premier âge de la dépression » d'un cycle de longue durée obligent à développer un processus d'innovation de nature à économiser l'énergie et donc à faire baisser les cours. La nécessaire adaptation du système productif aux nouvelles technologies et aux nouvelles conditions de marché tend, dans un premier temps, à faire pression sur les cours et ensuite à économiser l'énergie.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Louis Escudier, 1988. "Crises mondiales de l'énergie et mutations du système productif au XIXe et au XXe siècle : la crise charbonnière de 1873 et la crise pétrolière de 1973," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(2), pages 369-390.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1988_num_39_2_409068
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1988.409068
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1988.409068
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