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Monnaie, structure et emploi dans une économie en récession

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  • Jean-Luc Gaffard

Abstract

[fre] L'article se propose d'analyser l'interdépendance des variables « réelles» et des variables monétaires pendant une période de récession caractérisée par une importance progressivement accrue des secteurs d'activité subissant un excédent d'offre sans que celle des secteurs bénéficiant d'un excédent de demande ne devienne pour autant négligeable.. Le préalable d'une telle analyse est un examen approfondi du statut de la monnaie dans les théories de l'emploi, qui montre, d'une part, que les théories de l'emploi ne peuvent être dissociées de la théorie d'une économie monétaire, d'autre part, que les acquis de la théorie de la Préférence pour la Liquidité contenue dans l'analyse statique de la Théorie générale de Keynes peuvent être maintenus au sein d'une problématique privilégiant une dynamique des flux.. Suivant cette problématique qui met en rapport les changements de vitesse de l'investissement en capital fixe et les variations de la demande de monnaie poui le motif de financement, il apparaît, d'une part, que l'activité d'investissement commande le sens et l'ampleur des ajustements des prix et de l'emploi qui deviennent asymétriques en période de récession, d'autre part, que dans le cas d'économies ouvertes soumises à une étroite dépendance conjoncturelle, les différences enregistrées au niveau des structures internes entraînent un accroissement des écarts de taux d'inflation et de taux de chômage associés à des variations de change. La surréaction des taux de change en régime de changes flexibles révèle le rôle et l'importance de l'activité de spéculation dont la conséquence est une aggravation des différences structurelles entre les économies concernées. [eng] Money, structure and unemployment in recession. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the mutual dependence among « real » and « monetary » variables during the recession period. While the proportion of sectors facing excess supply is constantly increasing the influence of those in excess demand must not be neglected.. A preliminary step towards such an analysis demanda an inquiry into the nature of the statute of money in unemployment theories. This procédure shows firstly that unemployment theories cannot be separated from the theory of a monetary economy, and secondly that the achievment of Keynes' liquidity preference in his static analyste included in his « General Theory » can be maintained while developping a dynamics of flows.. According to this problematic, which involves variations in investment velocity together with changes in money demand emerging from financing motive, it seems that the investment activity controls both the direction and the magnitude of the price and employment adjustments which tend to become assymetrical in the period of recession.. Furthermore in open economic subject to a strong conjonctural dependence, different internai structures leads to increasing gaps in inflation and unemployment rates associated with exchange fluctuations. The over-reaction of exchange rates in floating rates system reveals the importance of speculation which accentuates the structural differences.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Luc Gaffard, 1980. "Monnaie, structure et emploi dans une économie en récession," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 31(2), pages 234-257.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1980_num_31_2_408524
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