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Incitation à l'emploi ou à la croissance de la production ?

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  • Jean-Paul Fitoussi

Abstract

[fre] II existe des imperfections fondamentales du marché et des externalités qui justifient l'intervention du gouvernement en faveur de l'investissement en capital humain. De telles justifications sont extrêmement incertaines dans le cas de l'in­vestissement des entreprises en capital fixe.. Les charges sur les salaires aux Etats-Unis découragent l'emploi et l'investissement en capital humain. Un certain nombre de mesures visant à réduire ces charges sociales et à subventionner l'emploi ou les augmentations de l'emploi ont été appli­quées aux Etats-Unis et ailleurs, et la diversité de telles mesures peut varier à l'infini. Les aides fiscales ou les subventions à des taux « marginaux » élevés peuvent entraîner des effets stimulants sensibles sur l'embauche des chômeurs ou des personnes sans emploi pour des raisons d'âge, de sexe, ou d'absence d'expé­rience antérieure. Elles peuvent aussi surmonter l'hétérogénéité existant sur le marché du travail et permettre ainsi un meilleur appariement des entreprises et des travailleurs en ce qui concerne à la fois les heures de travail et l'emploi. [eng] Incentives for employment rather than investment. There are fondamental market imperfections and externalities which justify government intervention in support of investment in human capital. Such justifications are extremely doubtful in the case of business investment in fixed capital.. Payroll taxes in the United States actually discourage employment and investment in labor. A variety of measures to reduce taxes on labor and to subsidize employment or increases in employment have been applied in the United States and elsewhere and a virtually infinite variety of such measures is possible. Tax credits or subsidies at high marginal rates may have significant effects in stimulating employment of those unemployed or without jobs for reasons of youth, sex, or general lack of previous job experience. They may also surmount heterogeniety in labor markets to permit a better matching of firms and workers in regard to both hours of work and employment.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Paul Fitoussi, 1980. "Incitation à l'emploi ou à la croissance de la production ?," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 31(1), pages 26-29.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1980_num_31_1_408510
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1980.408510
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1980.408510
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