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L'expression du taux de profit dans « Le Capital »

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  • Gérard Duménil

Abstract

[fre] Les économistes, marxistes ou non marxistes, ont coutume de se référer au taux de profit tel qu'il est présenté dans Le Capital de Karl Marx, selon la formule pl/c+v. Au dénominateur de cette fraction est inscrite une grandeur qui a la nature d'un « flux », alors que le taux de profit devrait rapporter l'ensemble de la plus-value accaparée au cours de la période au « stock » moyen de capital accumulé.. Cet article expose dans ses trois premières parties pourquoi cette formule se trouve au Livre III du Capital. Pour le saisir, il faut prendre en compte, à la fois, les aléas de la rédaction et de la publication de l'ouvrage, et l'extraordinaire rigueur de la méthode d'exposition de Marx, qui entérine la nature conceptuelle de la connaissance. La quatrième partie illustre l'importance de ce débat par référence à l'analyse du « taux de surplus » de Baran et Sweesy. [eng] Expression of the pate or profit in «Capital» . The economists, whether they are marxists of not, use to refer to the tate of profit as it is stated in Karl Marx s book : « Capital » according to the formula s/c+v. At the denominator of this fraction is written a magnitude which has the constitution of a « flow » when the rate of profit should be the ratio of the whole surplus-value seized during the period to the average « stock » of accumulated capital. This article shows in its first three parts why this formula found in Book III of « Capital». In order to understand it, it is necessary to take into account both the risks of redaction and of publication of the book, and the extraordinary strictness of Marx's exposition method that confirms the conceptual nature of the knowledge. The fourth part illustrates the importance of this debate with reference to the analysis of the « rate of surplus » of Baran and Sweesy.

Suggested Citation

  • Gérard Duménil, 1975. "L'expression du taux de profit dans « Le Capital »," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 26(2), pages 198-219.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1975_num_26_2_408201
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1975.408201
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1975.408201
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