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Les instruments d'exécution du Plan utilisés par l'Etat à l'égard des entreprises. A la recherche des instruments d'une nouvelle politique industrielle

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  • Jean-Jacques Bonnaud

Abstract

[fre] L'auteur distingue deux grandes catégories d'instruments : les instruments de portée générale, et les instruments de portée individuelle, c'est-à-dire utilisés par l'Etat à l'égard d'entreprises particulières. Sa conclusion est que les instruments de portée générale les plus efficaces sont les instruments indirects qui agissent soit en aval (sur la demande), soit en amont de l'activité de pro­duction (sur les facteurs de production). L'importance apparente des instruments d'application individuelle est particulièrement grande, mais leur portée économique est extrêmement variable. Parmi ces instruments, les incitations financières jouent un rôle prédominant : il est cependant intéressant de remarquer que, hormis pour la réalisation des objectifs de localisation de l'industrie, leur sélectivité est rela­tivement faible et qu'une tendance très nette se dessine vers la quasi-automaticité, « l'affichage » précis des critères d'octroi de ces incitations et la recherche de formules contractuelles par branches. Le principe de l'application individuelle subsiste souvent comme un moyen pour l'administration d'engager un dialogue avec les entreprises à l'occasion duquel celles-ci sont informées des implications précises des recommandations, le plus souvent d'ordre assez général, contenues dans les plans.. Le besoin de limiter autant que possible l'apparent pouvoir exorbitant que suggère l'ampleur des moyens d'intervention «au coup par coup» dont dispose l'Etat, s'explique à la fois par la pression extérieure — notamment la nécessité de respecter les règles de concurrence au sein du Marché commun — et la pression intérieure des entreprises soucieuses de réduire l'incertitude sur les aides sur lesquelles elles peuvent compter. [eng] The author distinguishes two large categories of instruments : those with a general impact and those with an individual impact, that is applied by government to individual firms. His conclusion is that the most efficient general impact instruments are indirect instruments which apply either subsequently to production activity, i.e. relative to demand, or previously, i.e. relative to factors of production. Individual impact instruments appear to be of particularly great importance their economic effects however are extremely variable Among these instruments financial incentives play dominant role It may be interesting however to observe that except for achieving the goals of industrial localization they are relatively non-selective and are distinctly tending to be granted on virtually automatic basis and according to number of posted criteria contractual agree ments per branch are being sought for Government frequently makes point of using individually applied measures as an opening for discussion with the firms enabling them to be informed about the exact implications of the generally rather vague instructions embodied in the Plan The necessity of restricting as far as possible the apparently exorbitant power resulting from the wide scope of means of intervention by fits and starts stems both from external pressure notably the necessity of respecting the rules of competition within the Common Market and internal pressure from firms who are anxious to reduce uncertainty about the aid that they can expect to be granted

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Jacques Bonnaud, 1970. "Les instruments d'exécution du Plan utilisés par l'Etat à l'égard des entreprises. A la recherche des instruments d'une nouvelle politique industrielle," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 21(4), pages 554-596.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1970_num_21_4_407930
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1970.407930
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1970.407930
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